(a) in vitro relaxivity titration of GdDOTA-4AmP fit to a Hill-modified Henderson-Hasselbach equation, (b) the corresponding total pH error as a function of r1 and σr1, and (c) the error propagation analysis scheme, giving rise to (b). It is based on eqn. 4, where the rounded rectangles represent the numerator and rectangles represent the denominator, and eqn. 6, where the five rounded shapes in the third row represent the five-fit parameters.