Table 1.
Characteristics and adiposity measurements among 1110 Project Viva participants at ages 6.5-10.9 years1
|
Variable |
N |
Normal weight (n=826) |
Overweight (n=149) |
Obese (n=135) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)/% | ||||
|
Mother/Family |
|
|
|
|
| Smoked during pregnancy |
1069 |
8.8% |
7.1% |
20.3% |
| Completed college |
1104 |
71.3% |
70.3% |
45.9% |
| Multiparous |
1110 |
51.7% |
52.4% |
56.3% |
| Annual household income > $70,000 |
1006 |
66.0% |
69.3% |
42.3% |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) |
1104 |
23.8 (4.5) |
25.9 (5.2) |
28.8 (7.3) |
|
Child |
|
|
|
|
| Female |
1110 |
49.5% |
54.4% |
48.2% |
| Race/ethnicity |
1108 |
|
|
|
| Asian |
|
4.0% |
3.4% |
0.0% |
| Black |
|
13.7% |
15.4% |
37.8% |
| Hispanic |
|
3.5% |
4.0% |
8.9% |
| White |
|
67.2% |
66.4% |
37.8% |
| More than one race/other |
|
11.5% |
10.7% |
15.6% |
| Height (cm) |
1110 |
127.6 (7.2) |
130.9 (8.4) |
134.0 (8.3) |
| Weight (kg) |
1110 |
26.0 (4.1) |
32.8 (5.6) |
43.0 (10.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
1110 |
15.9 (1.2) |
19.0 (1.0) |
23.6 (3.5) |
| BMI z-score |
1110 |
−0.05 (0.73) |
1.31 (0.17) |
2.07 (0.28) |
| Leg Length |
1109 |
59.7 (4.6) |
61.3 (5.5) |
63.3 (5.8) |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
1106 |
56.6 (4.1) |
64.5 (5.0) |
76.1 (9.4) |
| Hip circumference (cm) |
1094 |
65.3 (4.7) |
72.7 (6.0) |
82.5 (8.5) |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) |
1103 |
6.3 (2.0) |
10.7 (7.5) |
18.7 (7.2) |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) |
1106 |
9.6 (2.8) |
14.5 (3.6) |
20.6 (5.3) |
| BIA fat mass (kg) |
1109 |
4.3 (1.7) |
7.8 (2.3) |
14.5 (5.9) |
| BIA % fat |
1109 |
16.2 (4.3) |
23.6 (4.2) |
32.7 (6.5) |
| BIA fat-free mass (kg) |
875 |
21.7 (3.1) |
25.0 (3.9) |
28.2 (5.3) |
| DXA total fat mass (kg) |
875 |
5.8 (1.6) |
9.1 (2.2) |
15.0 (4.8) |
| DXA trunk fat (kg) |
875 |
1.8 (0.6) |
3.1 (1.0) |
5.8 (2.3) |
| DXA % fat |
875 |
22.2 (4.5) |
27.8 (4.4) |
34.8 (5.2) |
| DXA fat-free mass (kg) | 875 | 20.3 (3.2) | 23.7 (3.8) | 27.5 (5.4) |
1 Abbreviations as follows: BIA bioelectrical impedance. Normal weight, overweight, and obese defined as BMI z-score <85th percentile, 85th-<95th percentile, and ≥95th percentile, respectively.