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Two different types of stimuli are able to activate the inflammasome, pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the one hand and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the other. A 2-hit-theory has been postulated, stating that for inflammasome activation two distinct signals are required. Only thereafter proIL-1β is cleaved by caspase-1, so that mature IL-1β can be secreted by macrophages and promote the inflammatory response.
