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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Oct 25;33(1):121–130. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300504

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Exposure to inflammatory cytokines induces mesenchymal transformation in embryonic endocardial cells. A.) Quail endocardial explant (QEE) mesenchymal transformation and invasion of the collagen matrix after 48 hour exposure to 100 ng/mL IL-6 or TNF-α. B.) QEE EndMT-related gene expression after 48 hour exposure to 100 ng/mL IL-6 or TNF-α. C.) QEE NFκB nuclear localization quantification. D.) Confocal images of control, +100 ng/mL IL-6, and +100 ng/mL TNF-α QEE at a 48 hour time point stained for QH1 (red), α-SMA (green), and DNA (blue). E.) Confocal images of control, +100 ng/mL IL-6, and +100 ng/mL TNF-α QEE at a 48 hour time point stained for NFκB (green) and DNA (blue). Error bars show ±SEM, n ≥ 3 culture wells with pooled explants. Bars that do not share any letters are significantly different according to a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post test (p ≤ 0.05). Scale bars = 20 μm.