Table 1.

Most common causes of SIADH.

Increased hypothalamic production of ADH
Neuropsychiatric disorders:
(i) infections: meningitis, encephalitis, abcess
(ii) vascular: thrombosis, subarachnoid or subdural haemorrhage, temporal arteritis, stroke
(iii) neoplasm: primary or metastatic
(iv) psychosis, delirium tremens
(v) other: Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute intermittent porphyria, autonomic neuropathy …
Drugs:
(i) intravenous cyclophosphamide
(ii) carbamazepine
(iii) vincristine or vinblastine
(iv) haloperidol
(v) bromocriptine
(vi) general anaesthesia
(vii) nicotine …
Pulmonary disease:
(i) pneumonia: viral, bacterial, fungal
(ii) tuberculosis
(iii) lung abscess, empyema
(iv) acute respiratory failure
(v) positive pressure ventilation
(vi) other: asthma, pneumothorax …
Postoperative patient
Severe nausea, pain, HIV infection
Idiopathic
Nohypothalamic (ectopic) production of ADH
Carcinoma: small cell carcinoma of lung, pancreas, thymus, prostate, uterus …
Lymphosarcoma, mesothelioma
Hodgkin's disease, leukemia
Potentiation of ADH effect:
(i) chlorpropamide
(ii) carbamazepine
(iii) psychosis
(iv) prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors (salicylates, NSAID)
Exogenous administration of ADH