Figure 4.

Longitudinal studies were performed on three stable lung transplants that subsequently developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The percentage of CD28^null/CD4⁺ and CD28^null/CD8⁺ T cells producing interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α for these patients are shown. In brackets are the upper 90% confidence interval (CI) for the percentage of cells producing cytokine in the stable transplant group. Note the increasing percentages of both CD28^null/CD4⁺ and CD28^null/CD8⁺ T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α in all patients preceding BOS compared with the stable patient group. Also note the further increase in the percentage of both CD28^null/CD4⁺ and CD28^null/CD8⁺ T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α when patient 3 was diagnosed with stage 3 BOS.