Table 6.
Health Status and Access to Health Care in CKD Stages 3–5 by Comorbid Conditions
| Variables | Diabetes
|
Hypertension
|
Cardiovascular Eventsa
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P | No | Yes | P | No | Yes | P | |
| No. | 10,079 | 7,766 | 2,220 | 15,624 | 11,010 | 6,835 | |||
| CKD awareness | 2,139 (21.2) | 2,232 (28.7) | <0.001 | 427 (19.2) | 3,944 (25.2) | <0.001 | 2,340 (21.3) | 2,031 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Self-rated health status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Excellent | 386 (3.8) | 126 (1.6) | 129 (5.8) | 383 (2.5) | 394 (3.6) | 118 (1.7) | |||
| Good or very good | 5,046 (50.1) | 3,291 (42.4) | 1,111 (50.0) | 7,225 (46.2) | 5,296 (48.1) | 3,041 (44.5) | |||
| Fair | 1,600 (15.9) | 2,079 (26.8) | 306 (13.8) | 3,373 (21.6) | 1,774 (16.1) | 1,905 (27.9) | |||
| Poor | 207 (2.1) | 457 (5.9) | 43 (1.9) | 621 (4.0) | 258 (2.3) | 406 (5.9) | |||
| Most recent physician visit | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Within last y | 9,289 (92.2) | 7,462 (96.1) | 1,928 (86.8) | 14,823 (94.9) | 10,190 (92.6) | 6,561 (96.0) | |||
| 1–2 y ago | 462 (4.6) | 160 (2.1) | 177 (8.0) | 444 (2.8) | 460 (4.2) | 162 (2.4) | |||
| >2 y ago | 211 (2.1) | 55 (0.7) | 87 (3.9) | 179 (1.1) | 211 (1.9) | 55 (0.8) | |||
| Difficulty obtaining medical care | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Extremely | 219 (2.2) | 199 (2.6) | 73 (3.3) | 345 (2.2) | 280 (2.5) | 138 (2.0) | |||
| Somewhat or moderately | 806 (8.0) | 695 (8.9) | 206 (9.3) | 1,295 (8.3) | 866 (7.9) | 635 (9.3) | |||
| Not very | 1,558 (15.5) | 1,210 (15.6) | 331 (14.9) | 2,436 (15.6) | 1,602 (14.6) | 1,166 (17.1) | |||
| Not difficult | 4,614 (45.8) | 3,829 (49.3) | 972 (43.8) | 7,471 (47.8) | 4,932 (44.8) | 3,511 (51.4) | |||
| Type of physician | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Generalist only | 4,612 (45.8) | 3,233 (41.6) | 948 (42.7) | 6,896 (44.1) | 5,533 (50.3) | 2,312 (33.8) | |||
| Nephrologist only | 44 (0.4) | 24 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 63 (0.4) | 45 (0.4) | 23 (0.3) | |||
| Generalist and nephrologist | 576 (5.7) | 653 (8.4) | 99 (4.5) | 1,130 (7.2) | 623 (5.7) | 606 (8.9) | |||
| Other specialistb | 3,011 (29.9) | 2,943 (37.9) | 664 (29.9) | 5,290 (33.9) | 2,750 (25.0) | 3,204 (46.9) | |||
| Other care providersc | 1,080 (10.7) | 546 (7.0) | 297 (13.4) | 1,329 (8.5) | 1,233 (11.2) | 393 (5.7) | |||
| None | 756 (7.5) | 367 (4.7) | 207 (9.3) | 916 (5.9) | 826 (7.5) | 297 (4.3) | |||
| Insurance coverage | 8,778 (87.1) | 6,689 (86.1) | 0.1 | 1,860 (83.8) | 13,606 (87.1) | <0.001 | 9,370 (85.1) | 6,097 (89.2) | <0.001 |
| Medications coverage | 5,809 (57.6) | 4,783 (61.6) | <0.001 | 1,226 (55.2) | 9,365 (59.9) | <0.001 | 6,080 (55.2) | 4,512 (66.0) | <0.001 |
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, data are presented as number (percentage). Numbers of missing values: awareness of CKD, 78; self-rated health status, 4,653; most recent physician visit, 206; difficulty obtaining medical care, 4,715; insurance status, 790; and medication coverage, 5,164.
Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.
a
Includes angina, heart attack, bypass surgery, angioplasty, stroke, heart failure, abnormal heart rhythm, and diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
b
Cardiologist or endocrinologist.
c
Obstetrician/gynecologist, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.