Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), by new discharge prescription of aldosterone antagonists, before and after propensity score matching
| Variables Mean (±SD) or n (%) |
Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Aldosterone antagonists |
P value | Aldosterone antagonists |
P value | |||
| No (n=7521) | Yes (n=492) | No (n=487) | Yes (n=487) | |||
| Age (years) | 81 (±8) | 80 (±7) | 0.094 | 80 (±7) | 80 (±7) | 0.839 |
| Female | 4754 (63) | 297 (60) | 0.206 | 278 (57) | 295 (61) | 0.288 |
| African American | 681 (9) | 37 (8) | 0.248 | 42 (9) | 37 (8) | 0.630 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 55 (±9) | 54 (±10) | <0.001 | 54 (±9) | 54 (±10) | 0.812 |
| Past medical history | ||||||
| No prior heart failure hospitalization | 1139 (15) | 64 (13) | 0.199 | 70 (14) | 64 (13) | 0.643 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3453 (46) | 229 (47) | 0.785 | 237 (49) | 226 (46) | 0.526 |
| Hypertension | 5618 (75) | 366 (74) | 0.879 | 353 (73) | 363 (75) | 0.505 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2764 (37) | 172 (35) | 0.424 | 169 (35) | 170 (35) | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2865 (38) | 227 (46) | <0.001 | 219 (45) | 223 (46) | 0.845 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 175 (2) | 27 (5) | <0.001 | 23 (5) | 25 (5) | 0.878 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 977 (13) | 78 (16) | 0.069 | 65 (13) | 76 (16) | 0.351 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4423 (59) | 270 (55) | 0.086 | 267 (55) | 267 (55) | 1.000 |
| Depression | 849 (11) | 75 (15) | 0.008 | 72 (15) | 74 (15) | 0.925 |
| Admission clinical presentation | ||||||
| Dyspnea on exertion | 4707 (63) | 334 (68) | 0.018 | 338 (69) | 330 (68) | 0.622 |
| Orthopnea | 1812 (24) | 143 (29) | 0.013 | 131 (27) | 140 (29) | 0.571 |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | 963 (13) | 89 (18) | 0.001 | 88 (18) | 85 (18) | 0.866 |
| Dyspnea at rest | 3300 (44) | 221 (45) | 0.652 | 221 (45) | 218 (45) | 0.901 |
| Chest pain | 1652 (22) | 89 (18) | 0.043 | 74 (15) | 88 (18) | 0.258 |
| Pulse (beats per minute) | 85 (±21) | 83 (±20) | 0.133 | 83 (±19) | 83 (±20) | 0.916 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 149 (±31) | 146 (±30) | 0.061 | 146 (±30) | 146 (±29) | 0.657 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 (±18) | 75 (±19) | 0.917 | 75 (±18) | 75 (±19) | 0.450 |
| Jugular venous pressure elevation | 1935 (26) | 149 (30) | 0.026 | 151 (31) | 148 (30) | 0.888 |
| Pulmonary râles | 4828 (64) | 350 (71) | 0.002 | 339 (70) | 346 (71) | 0.659 |
| Lower extremity edema | 4882 (65) | 369 (75) | <0.001 | 369 (76) | 365 (75) | 0.813 |
| Admission laboratory values | ||||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (±0.4) | 1.2 (±0.4) | 0.252 | 1.2 (±0.4) | 1.2 (±0.4) | 0.446 |
| Serum brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 871 (±780) | 906 (±751) | 0.343 | 895 (±704) | 908 (±754) | 0.780 |
| Serum troponin elevation* | 1068 (14) | 86 (18) | 0.045 | 81 (17) | 86 (18) | 0.733 |
| Length of hospital stay | 8 (±169) | 6 (±5) | 0.826 | 6 (±5) | 6 (±5) | 0.614 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Interventional | 5652 (75) | 387 (79) | 0.080 | 392 (81) | 382 (78) | 0.477 |
| Transplant | 985 (13) | 48 (10) | 0.032 | 62 (13) | 48 (10) | 0.161 |
| Hospital location by region | ||||||
| Midwest | 2338 (31) | 117 (24) | 119 (24) | 117 (24) | ||
| Northeast | 1345 (18) | 87 (18) | 0.004 | 84 (17) | 87 (18) | 0.322 |
| South | 2355 (31) | 178 (36) | 169 (35) | 175 (36) | ||
| West | 1483 (20) | 110 (22) | 115 (24) | 108 (22) | ||
| In-hospital treatment/procedure | ||||||
| Dobutamine | 93 (1) | 14 (3) | 0.003 | 16 (3) | 13 (3) | 0.690 |
| Nesiritide | 480 (6) | 64 (13) | <0.001 | 68 (14) | 60 (12) | 0.451 |
| Discharge medication | ||||||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 3656 (49) | 267 (54) | 0.015 | 254 (52) | 265 (54) | 0.512 |
| Angiotensin receptors blockers | 972 (13) | 77 (16) | 0.082 | 80 (16) | 75 (15) | 0.735 |
| Beta-blockers | 4402 (59) | 343 (70) | <0.001 | 348 (72) | 338 (69) | 0.502 |
| Diuretics | 6206 (83) | 439 (89) | <0.001 | 431 (89) | 434 (89) | 0.832 |
| Digoxin | 1678 (22) | 147 (30) | <0.001 | 143 (29) | 144 (30) | 1.000 |
| Nitrates | 1809 (24) | 134 (27) | 0.110 | 132 (27) | 132 (27) | 1.000 |
| Warfarin | 2035 (27) | 188 (38) | <0.001 | 173 (36) | 185 (38) | 0.441 |
| Anti-platelet drugs | 1080 (14) | 61 (12) | 0.228 | 59 (12) | 60 (12) | 1.000 |
| Aspirin | 3504 (47) | 226 (46) | 0.778 | 227 (47) | 224 (46) | 0.900 |
| Statins | 2345 (31) | 172 (35) | 0.080 | 177 (36) | 170 (35) | 0.693 |
*
Determined by local laboratories