Table 1. .

Influence of 13-cis RA on Gene Expression in Immortalized Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells

Accession Number	Gene	Ratio	P Value	Ontology
13-cis RA > placebo
NM_019618	Interleukin 36, γ	177.06	0.0002	Cell–cell signaling
NM_005328	Hyaluronan synthase 2	106.06	0.0008	Hyaluronan synthase activity
NM_001039966	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	42.92	0.0002	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
NM_172174	Interleukin 15	10.73	0.0001	NK T-cell proliferation
NM_005564	Lipocalin 2	8.98	0.0000	Ion transport
NM_001013398	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	8.4	0.0010	Regulation of cell growth
NM_004994	Matrix metallopeptidase 9	8.11	0.0000	Proteolysis
NM_000584	Interleukin 8	7.29	0.0000	Angiogenesis
NM_139314	Angiopoietin-like 4	6.32	0.0000	Signal transduction
NM_000576	Interleukin-1β	3.11	0.0004	Activation of MAPK activity
Placebo > 13-cis RA
NM_000782	Cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily A, polypeptide 1	70,126.96	0.0010	Steroid metabolic process
NM_002506	Nerve growth factor (β polypeptide)	66,907.97	0.0023	Activation of MAPKK activity
NM_016240	Scavenger receptor class A, member 3	24.08	0.0002	Response to oxidative stress
NM_001442	Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	8.32	0.0011	Lipid metabolic process
NM_022809	Cell division cycle 25 homolog C	7.15	0.0001	Cell cycle checkpoint
NM_005879	TRAF interacting protein	6.92	0.0068	Induction of apoptosis
NM_006027	Exonuclease 1	6.67	0.0021	Meiosis
NM_001002876	Centromere protein M	6.62	0.0008	M phase of mitotic cell cycle
NM_018365	Meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1	5.91	0.0000	Meiosis
NM_006169	Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	5.68	0.0076	Xenobiotic metabolic process

Relative ratios were calculated by comparing the degree of gene expression from vehicle- and 13-cis RA–treated human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Selected genes had a comparative P value (between treatments) of <0.05 and a known identity.