Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by vital status and body adiposity index (BAI) tertiles.
| Vital status |
BAI (tertiles) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Survivors (n=19403) |
Decedents (n=353) |
P valuea |
Lower (n=6554) |
Middle (n=6590) |
Upper (n=6612) |
P valuea |
| Age (years) | 46.5 (9.5) | 57.4 (12.1) | <0.001 | 45.2 (9.7) | 47.2 (9.6) | 47.6 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 (3.9) | 26.8 (4.0) | 0.241 | 24.1 (2.0) | 26.4 (2.2) | 30.5 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.5 (10.8) | 95.6 (11.2) | 0.057 | 87.6 (7.3) | 93.3 (7.7) | 102.6 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| BAI (%) | 24.8 (3.5) | 25.1 (3.4) | 0.151 | 21.5 (1.4) | 24.4 (0.7) | 28.5 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| %BF | 22.1 (6.1) | 22.9 (5.9) | 0.025 | 18.0 (5.0) | 21.7 (4.6) | 26.6 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Treadmill time (min) | 18.5 (4.8) | 15.9 (5.7) | <0.001 | 21.0 (4.5) | 18.7 (4.3) | 15.6 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Maximal metabolic equivalents | 11.9 (2.4) | 10.7 (2.7) | <0.001 | 13.2 (2.4) | 12.0 (2.1) | 10.6 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204.8 (38.9) | 212.2 (44.5) | <0.001 | 196.5 (37.2) | 206.2 (38.3) | 212.0 (40.1) | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 100.3 (17.4) | 104.9 (26.2) | <0.001 | 97.9 (15.0) | 99.7 (15.5) | 103.6 (21.0) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
| Systolic | 122.6 (13.4) | 127.3 (15.9) | <0.001 | 120.1 (12.8) | 122.3 (13.0) | 125.5 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 82.2 (9.5) | 82.7 (10.5) | 0.329 | 79.9 (9.0) | 82.1 (9.1) | 84.7 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Physically inactive, No (%)b | 4554 (23.5) | 93 (26.3) | 0.207 | 1162 (17.7) | 1448 (22.0) | 2037 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers, No (%) | 2672 (13.8) | 48 (13.6) | 0.925 | 818 (12.5) | 892 (13.5) | 1010 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| Heavy drinkers, No (%)c | 2075 (10.7) | 43 (12.2) | 0.371 | 685 (10.5) | 731 (11.1) | 702 (10.6) | 0.467 |
| Baseline medical conditions, No (%) | |||||||
| Abnormal ECGd | 1710 (8.8) | 104 (29.5) | <0.001 | 496 (7.6) | 621 (9.4) | 697 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemiae | 5862 (30.2) | 111 (31.4) | 0.167 | 1502 (22.9) | 2047 (31.1) | 2424 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitusf | 1070 (5.5) | 22 (6.2) | 0.559 | 237 (3.6) | 296 (4.5) | 559 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertensiong | 6222 (32.1) | 159 (45.0) | <0.001 | 1473 (22.5) | 2038 (30.9) | 2870 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Parental history of CVD, No (%) | 4393 (22.6) | 87 (24.6) | 0.373 | 1322 (20.2) | 1523 (23.1) | 1635 (24.7) | <0.001 |
Values are means (standard deviations) or numbers (percentage). %BF indicates percentage of body fat; CVD indicates cardiovascular disease.
Analysis of the variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
Defined as reporting no physical activity during leisure time in the 3 months before the examination.
Defined as >14 units/week.
Abnormal resting or exercise electrocardiogram.
Defined as total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or previous physician diagnosed hypercholesterolemia.
Defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, previous physician diagnosed diabetes or use of insulin.
Defined as resting blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or previous physician diagnosed hypertension.