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Abundance of (a) 16S rRNA genes and (b) functional gene markers for sulfate reduction across three massive sulfide deposits. Samples of hydrothermal sulfide material were collected from each of the three vent sites, frozen on return to the surface, and DNA was extracted using described protocols. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA, dsrA, and aprA genes were enumerated by qPCR using published primer sets and normalized to grams of extracted sulfide. Error bars represent 1 s.d.
