Table 1. Molecular identification of fungi associated with Antarctic macroalgae: identification conducted using BLASTn searches of the of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and β-tubulin gene.
| Macroalgae species | UFMGCBa code | No. of isolates | Top BLAST search results (GenBank accession number) | Query coverage (%) | Identity (%) | No. of bp sequenced and analysed | Proposed species or taxonomic group (GenBank accession number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenocystis utricularis | D1N10.34.1 | 1 | Debaryomyces hansenii (HE681104) | 100 | 99 | 524 | Debaryomyces hansenii (KC485456b) |
| D1N10.13.1 | 1 | Meyerozyma caribbica (JQ686909) | 100 | 99 | 547 | Meyerozyma caribbica (KC485457b) | |
| Acrosiphonia arcta | 6063c | 19 | Geomyces pannorum (DQ189229) | 98 | 99 | 729 | Geomyces sp. (KC333881d) |
| K2.13.1 | 6 | Metschnikowia australis (U76526) | 99 | 99 | 484 | Metschnikowia australis (KC485458b) | |
| 6074c,e | 2 | Penicillium chrysogenum (HQ652873) | 99 | 99 | 662 | fPenicillium sp. (KC333882d, KC823167g) | |
| K2.6.1 | 1 | Candida sake (EU326138) | 100 | 99 | 588 | Candida sake (KC485459b) | |
| 6361c,e | 1 | Cladosporium perangustum (JF499836) | 100 | 97 | 486 | fCladosporium sp. (KC341715d, KC823166g) | |
| 6079 | 1 | Cladosporium tenuissimum (JQ246357) | 100 | 99 | 476 | Cladosporium tenuissimum (KC341716d) | |
| K2.9.1 | 1 | Debaryomyces hansenii (HQ860269) | 100 | 99 | 546 | Debaryomyces hansenii (KC485460b) | |
| 6077c | 1 | Mortierella sp. (JX270406) | 90 | 97 | 562 | fMortierella sp. (KC341717d) | |
| 6083c | 1 | Phoma sp. (JQ388278) | 99 | 99 | 468 | fPhoma sp. (KC341718d) | |
| 6318 | 1 | Thelebolus microsporus (GU004196) | 99 | 99 | 495 | Thelebolus globosus (KC341719d) | |
| Desmarestia menziesii | K1.17.1 | 1 | Metschnikowia australis (FJ911872) | 99 | 99 | 446 | Metschnikowia australis (KC485461b) |
| 6084c,e | 1 | Penicillium chrysogenum (JN021549) | 100 | 98 | 486 | fPenicillium sp. (KC341720d, KC823168g) | |
| Ulva intestinalis | 6101c,e | 6 | Penicillium commune (JN676122) | 100 | 100 | 496 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485461d, KC823169g) |
| 6092c,e | 3 | Penicillium solitum (JN642222) | 98 | 99 | 534 | fPenicillium discolor (KC485423d, KC823170g) | |
| 6090 | 3 | Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus (JN104511) | 100 | 99 | 482 | Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus (KC485424d) | |
| CM.01.2 | 1 | Cryptococcus victoriae [AY040653] | 98 | 99 | 605 | Cryptococcus victoriae [KC485462b] | |
| 6096 | 1 | Engyodontium album (HM214540) | 90 | 99 | 566 | Engyodontium sp. (KC485425d) | |
| 6097c | 1 | Geomyces luteus (AJ938164) | 100 | 98 | 451 | Geomyces luteus (KC485426d) | |
| 6328 | 1 | Helotiales sp. (HQ533820) | 90 | 99 | 477 | Helotiales sp. (KC485427d) | |
| 6326 | 1 | Mycoarthris corallinus (AF128440) | 97 | 98 | 458 | Mycoarthris cf. corallines (KC485428d) | |
| 6325c,e | 1 | Penicillium chrysogenum (KC009835) | 98 | 98 | 507 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485429d, KC823171g) | |
| 6095 | 1 | Thelebolus microsporus (GU004196) | 100 | 100 | 485 | Thelebolus globosus (KC485430d) | |
| Monostroma hariotii | 6120c,e | 12 | Penicillium chrysogenum (KC009826) | 100 | 99 | 512 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485431d, KC823175g) |
| 6112c | 7 | Geomyces pannorum (JF311913) | 100 | 99 | 439 | Geomyces cf. destructans (KC485432d) | |
| D1N18.31.1 | 4 | Meyerozyma guilliermondii (JF766631) | 100 | 99 | 537 | Meyerozyma guilliermondii (KC485463b) | |
| 6330 | 1 | Cryptococcus laurentii (FJ743631) | 100 | 98 | 570 | Cryptococcus cf. laurentii (KC485433d) | |
| 6130c | 1 | Lecanicillium araneicola (AB378506) | 99 | 92 | 573 | fCordycipitaceae sp. (KC485434d) | |
| 6138c | 1 | Paecilomyces anatarcticus (AJ879113) | 100 | 96 | 475 | fHelotiales sp. (KC485435d) | |
| 6316c | 1 | Pezizella discreta (JF908571) | 99 | 97 | 487 | fHyaloscyphaceae sp. (KC485436d) | |
| D1N18.42.1 | 1 | Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (JQ277252) | 100 | 99 | 537 | Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (KC485464b) | |
| Palmaria decipiens | 6034c,e | 11 | Penicillium chrysogenum (JN032681) | 100 | 99 | 538 | fPenicillium sp. (JX976546d, KC823172g) |
| 6049c | 8 | Geomyces pannorum (DQ189229) | 91 | 99 | 554 | Geomyces sp. (KC485437d) | |
| 6056 | 2 | Acremonium strictum (AY138844) | 92 | 99 | 565 | Acremonium sp. (KC485438d) | |
| 6050 | 2 | Fusarium oxysporum (HQ248198) | 91 | 99 | 524 | Fusarium sp. (KC485439d) | |
| E2N5.42.1 | 2 | Yamadazyma mexicana (FJ455104) | 100 | 99 | 500 | Yamadazyma mexicana (KC485465b) | |
| 6047 | 1 | Aspergillus candidus (FJ441637) | 93 | 99 | 548 | Aspergillus sp. (KC485440d) | |
| 6053 | 1 | Chaetomium globosum (JN689341) | 66 | 99 | 751 | Chaetomium sp. (KC485441d) | |
| 6140c,e | 1 | Penicillium raistrickii (FR670335) | 78 | 97 | 665 | fPenicillium sp.(KC485442d, KC823173g) | |
| 6048c,e | 1 | Penicillium spinulosum (DQ132828) | 74 | 99 | 697 | fPenicillium spinulosum (KC485443d, KC823174g) | |
| Phaeurus antarcticus | 6141c,e | 13 | Penicillium chrysogenum (JQ665262) | 100 | 100 | 482 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485444d, KC823176g) |
| 6148c | 8 | Geomyces pannorum (DQ189229) | 100 | 99 | 495 | Geomyces sp. (KC485445d) | |
| 6153c,e | 2 | Penicillium raistrickii (FR670335) | 81 | 98 | 631 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485446d, KC823178g) | |
| 6164c,e | 1 | Aspergillus terreus (JQ070071) | 100 | 100 | 536 | fAspergillus terreus (KC485447d, KC823163g) | |
| 6167 | 1 | Eurotium herbariorum (JN942870) | 100 | 99 | 429 | Eurotium herbariorum (KC485448d) | |
| 6327 | 1 | Eurotium repens (AY373890) | 100 | 99 | 482 | Eurotium repens (KC485449d) | |
| 6320c,e | 1 | Penicillium steckii (HM469415) | 100 | 99 | 467 | fPenicillium steckii (KC485450d, KC846137g) | |
| Adenocystis sp. | 6323c,e | 3 | Penicillium chrysogenum (JQ665262) | 95 | 99 | 504 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485451d, KC823164g) |
| 6106 | 1 | Aspergillus conicus (HE578068) | 99 | 99 | 426 | Aspergillus conicus (KC485452d) | |
| 6110c | 1 | Geomyces pannorum (JF311913) | 100 | 99 | 451 | Geomyces sp. (KC485453d) | |
| 6109c,e | 1 | Penicillium citrinum (FJ765031) | 93 | 100 | 507 | fPenicillium citrinum (KC485454d, KC823177g) | |
| 6322c,e | 1 | Penicillium commune (FJ499454) | 100 | 98 | 542 | fPenicillium sp. (KC485455d, KC823165g) |
When the number of isolates was >1, 50% of the isolates were sequenced and the best sequence was deposited in the GenBank database.
a
UFMGCB=Culture of Microorganisms and Cells from the Federal Universidade of Minas Gerais.
b
D1/D2 sequences deposited.
c
Taxa subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS region for elucidation of taxonomic positions.
d
ITS sequences deposited.
e
Taxa subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the β-tubulin regions for elucidation of taxonomic positions.
f
Taxonomic position suggested by the phylogenetic analyses.
g
β-tubulin sequences deposited.