Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study by mortality status at follow-up.
| Total Sample |
White American |
African American |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors | Decedents | Survivors | Decedents | Survivors | Decedents | |
| N | 13905 | 438 | 9285 | 297 | 4620 | 141 |
| % Female | 63.4 | 47.7 | 57.9 | 44.8 | 74.6 | 53.9 |
| Age (y) | 41.1 (14.3) | 54.9 (14.8)* | 41.8 (15.0) | 56.4 (15.5)* | 39.8 (12.8) | 51.8 (12.4)* |
| Age Group (%) | ||||||
| 18-29 y | 26.9 | 6.9 | 27.5 | 8.4 | 25.6 | 3.6 |
| 30-49 y | 42.7 | 26.3 | 38.5 | 19.9 | 51.1 | 39.7 |
| 50-69 y | 28.6 | 50.0 | 31.6 | 51.2 | 22.5 | 47.5 |
| 70-89 y | 1.9 | 16.9 | 2.4 | 20.5 | 0.9 | 9.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 (7.2) | 32.3 (8.0)* | 29.8 (7.0) | 32.6 (8.4)* | 32.0 (7.5) | 31.7 (7.1) |
| BMI Category (%) | ||||||
| Underweight | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Normal Weight | 22.7 | 13.7 | 26.0 | 13.8 | 16.3 | 13.5 |
| Overweight | 28.9 | 27.2 | 30.3 | 25.6 | 26.2 | 30.5 |
| Obese Class I | 24.0 | 29.7 | 22.6 | 29.0 | 26.9 | 31.2 |
| Obese Class II | 23.7 | 29.0 | 20.5 | 31.0 | 30.1 | 24.8 |
| BAI (%) | 31.3 (7.6) | 32.5 (8.7)* | 30.5 (7.4) | 33.0 (8.9)* | 32.9 (7.8) | 31.4 (8.1) |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 93.2 (16.9) | 102.6 (18.8)* | 92.6 (17.1) | 103.9 (20.0)* | 94.3 (16.4) | 100.0 (15.7)* |
| Waist Circumference Category (%) | ||||||
| Low | 53.8 | 35.8 | 57.3 | 35.6 | 46.7 | 36.3 |
| High | 46.2 | 64.2 | 35.6 | 64.4 | 53.2 | 63.7 |
| WHtR (cm/cm) | 0.55 (0.10) | 0.60 (0.11)* | 0.55 (0.10) | 0.61 (0.12)* | 0.56 (0.10) | 0.59 (0.10) |
| WHR (cm/cm) | 0.85 (0.10) | 0.92 (0.11)* | 0.86 (0.10) | 0.93 (0.12)* | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.91 (0.09)* |
| Smoking Status (%) | ||||||
| Never | 66.8 | 44.5 | 64.2 | 42.1 | 72.2 | 49.7 |
| Former | 17.1 | 29.5 | 19.4 | 33.3 | 12.5 | 21.3 |
| Current | 7.6 | 13.7 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 8.3 | 18.4 |
| Unknown | 8.5 | 12.3 | 9.2 | 13.1 | 7.1 | 10.6 |
BMI: body mass index; BAI: body adiposity index; WHtR: waist circumference to height ratio; WHR: waist to hip circumference ratio.
*
p<0.05 between decedents and survivors. Results for continuous variables are presented as mean (SD). High waist circumference defined as >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men. Underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese class I and obese class II defined as BMI <18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2, 25 - 29.9 kg/m2, 30 - 34.9 kg/m2 and > 35 kg/m2, respectively.