Table 1.

Demographic Information, Neuropsychological Test Scores, and Medical Burden Scores as a Function of Dementia Status at Baseline^a

Variables	No Dementia (n = 254)		Dementia (n = 46)		P
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	79.07	6.99	82.73	6.50	.001
Gender (% female)	83		85		.89b
Race (% African American)	46		58		.19b
Education (years)	12.60	3.33	11.39	4.74	.10
MMSEc (max = 30)	27.13	2.81	23.85	3.81	<.001
FCSRT-IRd (max = 48)	28.75	7.00	17.80	8.40	<.001
Category fluencye	36.26	10.43	26.35	9.24	<.001
Clocksf (max = 27)	23.38	4.83	17.90	7.58	<.001
GDSg (max = 15)	3.15	2.75	4.33	3.18	.03
IQCODEh	3.14	.24	3.69	.54	<.001
CIRS total score	11.52	4.26	11.61	4.20	.90

Abbreviations: CIRS, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; FCSRT-IR, Free And Cued Selective Reminding Test With Immediate Recall; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire On Cognitive Decline In The Elderly; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Exam score;

^aMinimum and maximum scores based on the 254 patients without dementia at baseline shown in parenthesis in notes b–h. T-test comparisons were performed except where noted.

^bPearson chi square test.

^cMMSE (13, 30).²³

^dSum of three trials of free recall from the FCSRT-IR (8, 44).¹⁹

^eNumber of animals, fruits, and vegetables generated in 60 seconds (9, 68).²⁵

^fSum of two trials of clock drawing scored for numbers, hands, and center (4, 27).²⁶

^gNumber of depressive symptoms endorsed (0, 12).²⁷

^hAverage score (3 = no change in five years; and 4 = a bit worse) (2.5, 4.3).²⁸