Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2013 Apr 24;41(12):6109–6118. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt304

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Pan-nuclear H2AX phosphorylation after localized IR-induced DNA damage to the nucleus. Different types of cell lines were fixed 1 h after ion irradiation and immunostained for γH2AX (green) and DNA (ToPro-3, red). Cells were irradiated (IR) at low angle with gold (A–C) or xenon ions (E), or with 40 carbon ions in 1 spot at the microprobe (D). (F) Nuclei of confluent human fibroblasts were detected by Hoechst staining and marked for irradiation (red crosses) to target either the cytoplasm (top) or the nucleus (bottom). Cells were irradiated with one gold ion. The mean pan-nuclear γH2AX signal was measured in unirradiated cells (ctrl) and after irradiation of the cytoplasm (Cy) or the nucleus (Nu) (right) (number of analyzed cells: 327, 193 and 53). Scale bar: 20 µm. (G) Exemplary intensity profiles of the γH2AX (green) and DNA (red) signal (relative value) are shown for a human fibroblast hit by a gold ion at low angle (top) and an unirradiated nucleus (bottom) fixed at 1 h. Error bars denote SD (**P < 0.01, n.s. = not significant, using two-sided U-test).