Table 1.
Full sample | White non-Hispanic (n = 1,338) | Black non-Hispanic (n = 233) | Significancea | |||||
Mean/proportion | SE | Range | Mean/proportion | SE | Mean/proportion | SE | ||
Log CRP (mg/L) | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.63 | 0.07 | *** | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||
Age (years) | 68.13 | 0.22 | 57–85 | 68.29 | 0.25 | 67.65 | 0.52 | |
Gender (female) | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.58 | 0.04 | † | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
White non-Hispanic | 0.86 | 0.01 | ||||||
Black non-Hispanic | 0.08 | 0.01 | ||||||
Hispanic (any race) | 0.07 | 0.01 | ||||||
Education | *** | |||||||
Less than high school | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.04 | ||
High school/general education diploma | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.04 | ||
Some college/associates/ vocational certificate | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.03 | ||
Undergraduate degree | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.03 | ||
Postundergraduate degree | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | ||
Household income | *** | |||||||
1st quintile | <$17,838 | |||||||
2nd quintile | $17,839–$35,037 | |||||||
3rd quintile | $35,038–$50,161 | |||||||
4th quintile | $50,162–76,809 | |||||||
5th quintile | ≥$76,810 | |||||||
Physical health factors | ||||||||
Comorbidities | 0–1 | |||||||
Heart failure | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | ||
Heart attack | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.02 | ||
Angioplasty, cardiac catheterization, or angiogram | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.04 | ||
Hypertension | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.04 | *** | |
Diabetes | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.04 | *** | |
Arthritis | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.04 | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | ||
Asthma | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | ||
Stroke | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.02 | * | |
Dementia | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | n/a | n/a | ||
Self-rated physical health | 3.31 | 0.03 | 1 = poor, 5 = excellent | 3.37 | 0.04 | 2.99 | 0.08 | *** |
Medication use | 0–1 | |||||||
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||
Antihyperlipidemic combinations | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||
Estrogens | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | ||
Progestins | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | † | |
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.02 | ||
Steroidsb | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||
Antidepressantsc | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | ||
Health Behaviors | ||||||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.93 | 0.15 | 14.84–67.30 | 28.76 | 0.17 | 28.89 | 0.50 | * |
Smoking | * | |||||||
Never | 0.41 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.04 | ||
Former | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.04 | ||
Current | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.03 | ||
Exercise | *** | |||||||
<1–3 times/month | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.03 | ||
1–2 times/week | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.03 | ||
≥3 times/week | 0.66 | 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.03 |
Notes. Source: Data are from National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. CRP = C-reactive protein. Significance tests for differences in proportions are Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney for education, income quintile, and exercise and χ² for smoking.
Significance tests for differences in means are two-tailed t tests.
includes androgens and anabolic steroids, nasal steroids, and inhaled corticosteroids.
includes ssri, tricyclic, phenylpiperazine, tetracyclic, ssnri, and other miscellaneous antidepressants.
†p < 0.1. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Weights adjust for differential probabilities of selection and for nonresponse.