Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Subjects: Demographics and Medical Information*
| Entire Cohort n=150 |
VAD Infection Group n=33 |
No VAD Infection Group n=117 |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.4 (13.2) | 57.4 (12.0) | 57.4 (13.5) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.82 |
| Male | 126 (84) | 26 (79) | 100 (85) | 0.69 (0.30–1.58) | 0.38 |
| Race | |||||
| white | 101 (67.3) | 24 (73) | 77 (66) | 1.50 (0.69–3.22) | 0.30 |
| black | 32 (21.3) | 5 (15) | 27 (23) | ||
| asian | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | ||
| american indian or alaska native |
1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | ||
| other | 14 (9.3) | 3 (9) | 11 (9) | ||
| Past Medical History | |||||
| COPD | 21 (14) | 4 (12) | 17 (14) | 0.89 (0.31–2.54) | 0.83 |
| Chronic Renal | 45 (30) | 14 (42) | 31 (27) | 1.95 (0.98–3.98) | 0.06 |
| Dysfunction | |||||
| Depression | 23 (15) | 10 (30) | 13 (11) | 2.62 (1.25–5.51) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 54 (36) | 13 (39) | 41 (35) | 1.23 (0.61–2.47) | 0.56 |
| Malignancy | 13 (9) | 3 (9) | 10 (9) | 0.98 (0.30–3.22) | 0.98 |
| Infection Pre- | |||||
| VAD Surgery† | 38 (25) | 6 (18) | 32 (27) | 0.68 (0.28–1.64) | 0.38 |
| Antibiotics Pre- | |||||
| VAD Surgery† | 58 (39) | 13 (41) | 45 (39) | 1.26 (0.62–2.55) | 0.40 |
| Past Cardio/cerebrovascular History | |||||
| Myocardial | |||||
| Infarction | 72 (48) | 17 (52) | 55 (47) | 1.40 (0.70–2.77) | 0.34 |
| Cardiac stents | 41 (27) | 12 (36) | 29 (25) | 1.59 (0.78–3.24) | 0.20 |
| Atrial | |||||
| Fibrillation | 66 (44) | 14 (42) | 52 (44) | 0.92 (0.46–1.84) | 0.82 |
| Ventricular | |||||
| Arrhythmia | 63 (42) | 12 (36) | 51 (44) | 0.78 (0.38–1.59) | 0.50 |
| Stroke | 18 (12) | 5 (15) | 13 (11) | 1.43 (0.55–3.72) | 0.46 |
| Past Surgical and Device-Related History | |||||
| AICD | 120 (80) | 26 (79) | 94 (80) | 0.96 (0.42–2.20) | 0.92 |
| Intraaortic | |||||
| balloon pump | 37 (25) | 8 (24) | 29 (25) | 1.15 (0.52–2.56) | 0.73 |
| Long term | |||||
| access line | 47 (31) | 12 (36) | 35 (30) | 1.41 (0.69–2.87) | 0.34 |
| Permanent | |||||
| Pacemaker | 97 (65) | 18 (54) | 79 (68) | 0.68 (0.35–1.36) | 0.28 |
| CABG | 51 (34) | 11 (33) | 40 (34) | 1.03 (0.50–2.13) | 0.93 |
| Va l v e | |||||
| replacement | 20 (13) | 4 (12) | 16 (14) | 0.72 (0.25–2.04) | 0.53 |
| Prior sternotomy | 64 (43) | 13 (39) | 51 (44) | 0.89 (0.44–1.78) | 0.74 |
*
Numbers in ( ) are % unless otherwise stated
†
’Definite’ infections diagnosed and antibiotics administered in the 30 days prior to VAD surgery, excluding perioperative antibioitics for the VAD implant; COPD,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AICD,automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator; CABG,coronary artery bypass graft