Table 3.

Description of 34 VAD-related infections

Event #	Causative Organism(s)	Description of VAD Infection*	Device Type†	Days on VAD support prior to infection
	Gram-Positive
1	Staphylococcus epidermidis	DL, PP, BSI	HM I	36
2	Coagulase-negative staphylococcus	DL, BSI, PP	HM I	8
3		DL +/− BSI	HM I	14
4		DL, PP, BSI	HM I	22
5		DL, PP, BSI, septic emobli	HM II	15
6		PP	HM II	20
7		DL	HM II	102
8	Staphylococcus aureus	DL	HM I	195
9		DL, BSI, mycotic aneurysm with septic emboli and involvement of inflow/outflow tract	HM I	310
10		DL	HM II	34
11		DL	HM II	285
12		DL, PP, BSI	HM II	177
13		DL	HM II	120
14		DL, BSI	HM II	42
15	Enterococcus faecalis	DL, PP, BSI	HM I	68
16		DL, SW, PP, BSI	HM I	44
17	E. faecalis and/or CoNS‡	PP, BSI +/− DL	HM I	28
18	E. faecium	PP, BSI	Ventrassist	19
19	Viridans streptococci	DL, SW, PP	HM II	235
	Gram-Negative
20	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	DL, PP, BSI, VAD pump housing outflow	HM I	16
21		DL, SW, PP	HM II	36
22		DL, BSI	HM II	174
23	P. aeruginosa +/− Pflourescens	DL	HM I	130
24	P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes	DL, PP	HM I	206
25	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	DL	HM II	237
26	Escherichia coli	PP	HM II	10
27	Enterobacter cloacae	DL	HM II	251
28	Proteus mirabilis	DL	HM II	242
29	Klebsiella pneumoniae and Morganella morganii	SW, PP, BSI	HM I	36
30	Enterobacter, K. pneumoniae CoNS	DL	HM II	168
31	Yeast (Candida glabrata)	DL, PP, BSI, eroded graft –->exsanguination	HM I	60
32	Culture Negative	DL, PP	HM I	86
33		PP	HM II	82
34		PP, outflow graft, inner device surface	HM II	65

^*DL, driveline; PP, pump pocket; SW, sternal wound; BSI, bloodstream infection.

^†HM I, Heartmate I^®; HM II, Heartmate II^®

^‡Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)