Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted relative risk (MVRR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of breast cancer by menopausal status by categories of intake of dairy foods
| Dairy foods (g/week)a | Type of breast cancer
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total
|
Premenopausal
|
Postmenopausal
|
|||||||
| ncases | Person-years | MVRR (95 % CI) | ncases | Person-years | MVRR (95 % CI) | ncases | Person-years | MVRR (95 % CI) | |
| Total milk | |||||||||
| 0 | 293 | 152,373 | 1.00 (REF) | 97 | 68,239 | 1.00 (REF) | 133 | 40,151 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–69.9 | 159 | 70,027 | 1.18 (0.83–1.68) | 88 | 46,632 | 1.50 (0.88–2.53) | 53 | 16,259 | 0.92 (0.52–1.60) |
| 70–124.9 | 77 | 34,711 | 1.06 (0.70–1.61) | 27 | 23,033 | 1.07 (0.57–2.01) | 45 | 8,031 | 1.35 (0.73–2.47) |
| 125–249.9 | 129 | 65,353 | 1.05 (0.73–1.52) | 64 | 45,242 | 1.07 (0.61–1.86) | 44 | 13,420 | 1.12 (0.64–1.96) |
| 250–499.9 | 142 | 78,194 | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 72 | 54,282 | 0.98 (0.57–1.69) | 57 | 16,083 | 0.88 (0.50–1.55) |
| 500–749.9 | 70 | 34,776 | 0.88 (0.57–1.35) | 33 | 22,733 | 1.10 (0.58–2.05) | 25 | 8,323 | 0.68 (0.33–1.37) |
| 750–999.9 | 119 | 55,421 | 1.02 (0.69–1.50) | 50 | 37,948 | 0.82 (0.44–1.51) | 52 | 12,258 | 1.27 (0.72–2.23) |
| ≥1,000 | 279 | 126,373 | 1.05 (0.74–1.46) | 141 | 86,473 | 1.24 (0.74–2.08) | 112 | 28,056 | 1.00 (0.60–1.67) |
| ptrend | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.92 | ||||||
| Whole milk | |||||||||
| 0 | 1,026 | 479,660 | 1.00 (REF) | 433 | 283,121 | 1.00 (REF) | 445 | 118,955 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–249.9 | 134 | 74,892 | 1.08 (0.85–1.36) | 80 | 54,716 | 1.26 (0.94–1.70) | 36 | 12,950 | 0.89 (0.58–1.36) |
| ≥250 | 108 | 62,276 | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 59 | 46,745 | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 40 | 10,676 | 0.86 (0.54–1.37) |
| ptrend | 0.83 | 0.23 | 0.37 | ||||||
| 2 % Milk | |||||||||
| 0 | 886 | 430,888 | 1.00 (REF) | 378 | 254,580 | 1.00 (REF) | 380 | 104,712 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–249.9 | 177 | 87,775 | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | 87 | 62,579 | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | 60 | 16,468 | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) |
| ≥250 | 205 | 98,565 | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 107 | 67,423 | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) | 81 | 21,401 | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) |
| ptrend | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.59 | ||||||
| Skim milk | |||||||||
| 0 | 879 | 443,389 | 1.00 (REF) | 413 | 280,517 | 1.00 (REF) | 340 | 97,092 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–249.9 | 138 | 67,740 | 0.80 (0.60–1.05) | 62 | 41,932 | 0.75 (0.50–1.11) | 63 | 16,129 | 0.94 (0.61–1.42) |
| ≥250 | 251 | 106,099 | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 97 | 62,133 | 0.80 (0.58–1.11) | 118 | 29,360 | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) |
| ptrend | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.52 | ||||||
| Hard cheese | |||||||||
| 0 | 529 | 253,179 | 1.00 (REF) | 199 | 129,699 | 1.00 (REF) | 245 | 68,459 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–24.9 | 239 | 106,063 | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 107 | 68,291 | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 96 | 26,468 | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) |
| 25–49.9 | 179 | 81,871 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 88 | 55,794 | 0.93 (0.64–1.32) | 69 | 17,695 | 0.78 (0.52–1.16) |
| 50–74.9 | 95 | 50,161 | 0.91 (0.67–1.23) | 54 | 35,860 | 1.02 (0.67–1.54) | 32 | 9,544 | 0.90 (0.56–1.44) |
| ≥75 | 226 | 125,954 | 0.88 (0.68–1.12) | 32 | 9,544 | 0.90 (0.63–1.26) | 79 | 20,415 | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) |
| ptrend | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.25 | ||||||
| Yogurt | |||||||||
| 0 | 709 | 349,251 | 1.00 (REF) | 304 | 205,272 | 1.00 (REF) | 295 | 81,191 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–56.9 | 69 | 30,127 | 1.12 (0.81–1.53) | 36 | 20,158 | 1.29 (0.85–1.95) | 24 | 6,886 | 0.96 (0.56–1.65) |
| 57–113.9 | 114 | 58,794 | 1.03 (0.79–1.32) | 46 | 39,970 | 0.74 (0.49–1.12) | 54 | 12,816 | 1.34 (0.92–1.93) |
| 114–226.9 | 114 | 56,100 | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) | 58 | 38,136 | 1.10 (0.76–1.57) | 46 | 12,384 | 0.98 (0.64–1.51) |
| 227–453.9 | 84 | 41,812 | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 42 | 27,840 | 1.05 (0.68–1.60) | 32 | 9,678 | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) |
| ≥454 | 178 | 81,144 | 0.91 (0.71–1.17) | 86 | 53,206 | 1.00 (0.70–1.41) | 70 | 19,626 | 0.74 (0.49–1.12) |
| ptrend | 0.46 | 0.99 | 0.16 | ||||||
| Ice cream | |||||||||
| 0 | 554 | 257,752 | 1.00 (REF) | 218 | 134,326 | 1.00 (REF) | 246 | 67,580 | 1.00 (REF) |
| 1–16.9 | 82 | 35,428 | 0.88 (0.62–1.23) | 34 | 23,352 | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) | 34 | 8,132 | 0.98 (0.59–1.64) |
| 17–32.9 | 186 | 101,014 | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 106 | 70,976 | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 63 | 20,461 | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) |
| 33–65.9 | 227 | 114,197 | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) | 115 | 81,837 | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 83 | 22,049 | 1.02 (0.71–1.46) |
| ≥66 | 219 | 108,837 | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 99 | 74,091 | 0.83 (0.59–1.17) | 95 | 24,359 | 0.91 (0.63–1.30) |
| ptrend | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.69 | ||||||
Multivariable relative risks were adjusted for energy intake (quintiles), age at menarche (<12, 12–13, ≥14 years), body mass index (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), family history of breast cancer (mother or sister), education (≤12, 13–15, ≥16 years), parity and age at first live birth (nulliparous, parity 1–2 and age at first birth <25 years, parity 1–2 and age at first birth 25–29 years, parity 1–2 and age at first birth ≥30 years, parity ≥3 and age at first birth <25 years, parity ≥3 and age at first birth 25–29 years, parity ≥3 and age at first birth ≥30 years), oral contraceptive use (yes/no), menopausal status (postmenopausal, premenopausal, and uncertain), age at menopause (<35, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49,50–54, ≥55 years), menopausal hormone use (yes/no), vigorous physical activity (none, ≤2, >2 h/week), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (none, 1–3, 4–6, ≥7 drinks/week)
Milk: 18 oz serving is equivalent to 245 g; hard cheese: 1 oz serving is equivalent to 28 g; cottage cheese: 10.5 cups serving is equivalent to 105 g; yogurt: 1 cup serving is equivalent to 227 g; ice cream: 10.5 cups serving is equivalent to 66 g