Table 2.
Population-Based Univariate Predictors of Adolescent Past Year Prescription Medication Misuse (Odds Ratios with 95% CIs)
| Predictors | Any Medication | Opioids | Stimulants | Tranquilizers | Sedatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race (Caucasian is reference group) | |||||
| African-Amer. | 0.77 (0.613–0.958)* | 0.84 (0.668–1.065) | 0.34 (0.144–0.777)** | 0.18 (0.098–0.321)** | 0.57 (0.196–1.654) |
| Hispanic | 0.97 (0.938–1.007) | 0.96 (0.920–0.998)* | 0.95 (0.888–1.021) | 0.85 (0.781–0.929)** | 1.07 (0.942–1.209) |
| Multi-racial | 1.05 (0.974–1.122) | 1.06 (0.986–1.148) | 1.05 (0.930–1.184) | 1.00 (0.885–1.138) | 1.04 (0.852–1.263) |
| NA/AN | 1.03 (0.823–1.279) | 1.01 (0.786–1.291) | 1.26 (0.953–1.662) | 0.81 (0.567–1.154) | 1.18 (0.649–2.162) |
| Asian | 0.76 (0.653–0.891)** | 0.79 (0.668–0.928)* | 0.36 (0.220–0.585)** | 0.41 (0.252–0.675)** | (No Use) |
| Female Gender | 1.25 (1.087–1.430)* | 1.18 (1.015–1.366)* | 1.83 (1.376–2.422)** | 1.30 (1.001–1.686)* | 1.20 (0.681–2.126) |
| Age (15 or older) | 2.95 (2.512–3.452)** | 2.75 (2.317–3.272)** | 4.09 (2.850–5.877)** | 6.12 (4.311–8.678)** | 2.46 (1.377–4.386)* |
| Past Year Move | 1.40 (1.198–1.632)** | 1.46 (1.236–1.731)** | 1.18 (0.852–1.631) | 1.92 (1.455–2.522)** | 1.94 (1.061–3.543)* |
| No Mother at Home | 1.28 (1.026–1.588)* | 1.38 (1.090–1.736)* | 0.98 (0.618–1.556) | 1.24 (0.830–1.850) | 0.83 (0.329–2.106) |
| No Father at Home | 1.32 (1.139–1.533)** | 1.36 (1.157–1.600)** | 1.22 (0.898–1.653) | 1.12 (0.849–1.485) | 0.94 (0.511–1.714) |
| Grades: D or Worse | 2.89 (2.365–3.521)** | 2.84 (2.290–3.513)** | 2.95 (2.036–4.262)** | 4.07 (2.952–5.614)** | 5.94 (2.932–12.021)** |
| Past Year MDE | 3.13 (2.620–3.735)** | 2.91 (2.405–3.523)** | 4.18 (2.998–5.828)** | 3.24 (2.380–4.404)** | 5.52 (3.154–9.673)** |
| Past Year MH Tx | 2.11 (1.824–2.432)** | 2.08 (1.781–2.431)** | 3.00 (2.271–3.959)** | 2.99 (2.297–3.895)** | 3.46 (1.946–6.164)** |
| Past Jail/Detention | 2.24 (1.823–2.761)** | 2.00 (1.604–2.489)** | 2.76 (1.863–4.089)** | 3.19 (2.255–4.513)** | 2.92 (1.376–6.191)* |
| Likes Risk-Taking | 3.66 (3.073–4.355)** | 3.54 (2.936–4.271)** | 4.91 (3.661–6.576)** | 5.62 (4.200–7.531)** | 4.83 (2.572–9.055)** |
| 1-Yr Cigarette Use | 8.58 (7.432–9.914)** | 7.75 (6.640–9.049)** | 15.74 (11.245–22.017)** | 18.68 (13.923–25.049)** | 7.84 (4.472–13.738)** |
| 1-Yr Alcohol Use | 7.29 (6.194–8.587)** | 7.00 (5.849–8.369)** | 17.69 (11.736–26.656)** | 14.49 (9.763–21.494)** | 6.86 (3.570–13.171)** |
| 1-Yr Marijuana Use | 9.88 (8.534–11.438)** | 9.40 (8.033–10.997)** | 17.65 (12.868–24.199)** | 17.29 (12.937–23.098)** | 9.83 (5.697–16.970)** |
| 1-Yr Cocaine or Inhalant Use | 10.69 (8.983–12.720)** | 10.08 (8.409–12.084)** | 17.40 (13.091–23.314)** | 16.11 (12.290–21.113)** | 10.51 (5.866–18.817)** |
NA/AN = Native American or Alaska Native; MH Tx = Mental Health Treatment
*
denotes predictors significant at a p ≤ .05 level
**
denotes predictors significant at a p ≤ .001 level