Table 3.
Two-way Fixed Effects Model Results: Relationships Among Licensed Nurse Retention, Turnover, and 30-Day Rehospitalization Rates (2002–2009)
| Est | Std err | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main independent variables | |||
| Licensed nurse retention rate | −.02 | .01 | .04 |
| Licensed nurse turnover rate | .00 | .01 | .98 |
| Control variables | |||
| Resident welfare | |||
| Average age | −.14 | .06 | .02 |
| Percent female | −.01 | .02 | .70 |
| Percent black | .07 | .02 | .00 |
| Average ADL Score | .03 | .09 | .78 |
| Average RUGS score | 4.92 | 3.41 | .15 |
| Percent high CPS | −.01 | .01 | .62 |
| Percent on ventilator | −.14 | .11 | .21 |
| Percent with UTI | −.02 | .02 | .39 |
| Resident care practices | |||
| Percent with catheter | −.03 | .03 | .28 |
| Percent with CHF | .05 | .02 | .05 |
| Residents’ preferences | |||
| Percent with DNR | −.02 | .01 | .10 |
| Percent with DNH | .03 | .05 | .47 |
| Financial factors | |||
| Occupancy | −.007 | .01 | .59 |
| Percent Medicaid | −.03 | .01 | .01 |
| Percent Medicare | .01 | .02 | .42 |
| Facility resources | |||
| CNA HPRD | .33 | .61 | .59 |
| Licensed nurse HPRD | .56 | .61 | .36 |
| Physician extender | .06 | .22 | .79 |
| Specialty Care Unit | .12 | .38 | .75 |
| Hospital Beds/1,000 65+ | .02 | .03 | .60 |
Notes: Robust standard errors adjusted for clustering within facility. Year and facility dummy variables not shown. The first year, 2002, was the reference. N = 681 nursing homes and 5,153 facility year observations; Est. = Estimate; Std Err = robust standard error; ADL = activities of daily living; RUGS = Resource Utilization Groups; CPS = Cognitive Performance Scale; UTI = urinary tract infection; CHF = congestive heart failure; DNR = do not resuscitate; DNH = do not hospitalize; OSCAR = Online Survey Certification and Reporting data set; CNA = certified nursing assistant; HPRD = hours per resident day.