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Effect of mean worm burden (M) on the expected host lifespan following pathogen infection, relative to the baseline lifespan in the absence of helminth infection (Lrel), under the different interspecific interactions shown. Parameter values: H=20, βV=55 t−1, π=0·05, αV=8 t−1, b=0·1 t−1, αW=0·001 w−1t−1, σV=2 t−1, A=100 w t−1, B=50 w, C=0·05 w−1 t−1, D=0·1, E=200 w, F=100 w, G=2040 w, J=60 w, K=0·01 w−1, σMIN=2 t−1, αV,BASE=8 t−1, αV,MIN=8 t−1, π,MIN=0·05, π,BASE=0·001.
