Table 2.

Clinical and Functioning Measure Characteristics of a sample of people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, by gambling group

		Non Gambler		Recreational Gambler		Prob/Path Gambler
Variable	Range	n or mean	% or s.d.	n or mean	% or s.d.	n or mean	% or s.d.	χ2 or F	p
Legal/Violence
Arrested		81	52.3	82	70.1	47	72.3	12.45	.002
Ever Incarcerated		54	34.8	53	45.3	37	57.8	10.20	.006
Threatened to injure other, past year		13	8.4	5	4.3	10	15.6	6.96	.031
Social Functioning, past month
Fun, shopping, eating out	0–4	3.05	1.02	3.07	0.99	3.18	0.93	0.47	.628
Do things with friends	0–4	1.90	1.38	1.92	1.31	1.77	1.21	0.31	.732
Planned activity with somebody else	0–4	1.38	1.35	1.70	1.24	1.58	1.26	2.14	.119
Spend time with significant other	0–4	1.10	1.63	1.56	1.69	1.66	1.64	3.82	.023
Visit somebody	0–4	1.59	1.33	1.90	1.32	1.83	1.41	1.87	.155
Suicidality
Thought of hurting/killing self, past yr		26	16.8	26	22.2	13	20.3	1.32	.518
Attempted to hurt/kill self, past year		9	5.8	6	5.1	2	3.2	0.66	.719
Mental Health Utilization, past month
≥ Psychiatrist, clinician, therapist visit		131	84.5	107	91.5	62	95.4	6.62	.037
≥Emergency mental health visit		12	7.8	19	16.2	5	7.8	5.66	.059
Clinical Measures
ASI Alcohol	0–1	0.06	0.12	0.08	0.12	0.121	0.02	4.35	.014
ASI Drug	0–1	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.042	0.07	2.99	.051
CES-D	0–60	22.94	12.27	23.84	12.07	27.702	9.35	3.82	.023
DIS Tobacco dependence (yes/no)		83	53.5	76	65.0	44	67.7	5.49	.064
PANSS Scores
Total	1–7	2.50	0.58	2.34	0.50	2.46	0.48	2.76	.065
Positive symptoms	1–7	2.46	0.68	2.34	0.63	2.42	0.08	1.17	.313
Negative symptoms	1–7	2.67	0.79	2.47	0.66	2.58	0.61	2.58	.077

¹p ≤ .01 for pairwise comparison with non-gamblers

²p ≤ .05 for pairwise comparison with non-gamblers