Table 1. Descriptions of the potential predictors included in the univariate analyses.
| Indicator | Description | Source |
| Pregnant women socio-demographic | ||
| Age group | Age | 1 |
| Marital status | Single (incl. engaged), married, divorced | 1 |
| Education | ‘Formal’ with primary lowest level | 1 |
| Ethnicity | 6 named response categories+other | 1 |
| Religion | 3 named response categories+other | 1 |
| Socio economic status | Questions on a range of household assets | 1 |
| Pregnancy factors | ||
| Months pregnant | On the day of the survey | 1 |
| Number of children | Live children only | 1 |
| Visit number | Number of visits to ANC including the current one | 1 |
| Health facility factors | ||
| Cadre of health worker in consultation | Based on previous enrolment of health workers | 3 |
| Process factors: | ||
| 1. departments and time | ||
| Morning consultation | Consultation between 8 am and 12 pm | 3 |
| Palpation | Palpation of the abdomen in ANC consultation | 3 |
| Prescribed rhesus test | Prescribed during ANC consultation | 4+/−5 |
| Total time spent in consultation | From entry to completion of ANC consultation | 3 |
| Had HIV PMTCT consultation | Entered the designated room and was seen by a health worker and/or HIV was discussed during ANC | 3 |
| Given ITN in consultation | Was offered and took an ITN | 3 |
| 2. illness or suspected illness | ||
| Reason for visit | Routine ANC visit alone, or also because of illness | 1 |
| Suggest a lab test during consultation | Any lab test suggested during ANC consultation | 4+/−5 |
| Prescribed syphilis test | During ANC, or PMTCT consultations | 4+/−5 |
| Report illness at consultation | Any illness reported by the woman during consultation | 2 |
| Consult malaria | Woman reports that she has malaria at consultation | 2 |
| Has symptoms of malaria | Woman reports that she has malaria, fever, shivers, or chills at ANC | 2 |
| Woman reports symptoms of STI/UTI | Woman reports vaginal discharge, dysuria or UTI at ANC | 2 |
| HIV in PMTCT | Tested for HIV in PMTCT | 2 |
| 3. payments | ||
| Pay for registration | Any money paid in registration | 3+/−5 |
| Pay for consultation | Any money paid in consultation | 3+/−5 |
| Pay for medicines | Any money paid for medicines | 1 |
| Amount paid for medicines | Total amount paid for medicines | 1 |
| Spent money on travel | Any money spent on travel to and from the facility | 1 |
| Amount spent on travel | Amount of money spent on travel to and from the facility | 1 |
| Money expenditure in the facility | Any money spent in the facility during this visit | 1 |
| Total expenditure | Total amount of money spent in the facility during this visit | 1 |
Source Key.
1 = response of pregnant woman to a question by a fieldworker; 2 = response of pregnant woman to a question from a health worker; 3 = action observed by fieldworker; 4 = heard by a fieldworker during observations; 5 = written information/data observed by fieldworker; PMTC, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission; ITN, Insecticide Treated Net; STI, sexual transmitted infection; UTI, Urinary Tract Infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ANC, Antenatal clinic;