Table 4. Predictors of major first-line modification by income grouping.

	AHOD		TAHOD-High		TAHOD-Low
	Hazard Ratio	p	Hazard Ratio	p	Hazard Ratio	p
Sex
Male	1.00		1.00		1.00
Female	0.92 (0.55–1.55)	0.75	0.93 (0.7–1.25)	0.64	0.76 (0.56–1.03)	0.08
Age at ART initiation (years)
<30	1.00		1.00		1.00
30–50	1.07 (0.76–1.49)	0.71	0.79 (0.61–1.03)	0.08	1.04 (0.77–1.4)	0.81
>50	1.14 (0.76–1.71)	0.52	0.87 (0.6–1.25)	0.45	0.81 (0.46–1.44)	0.47
Exposure
Homosexual	1.00		1.00		1.00
Heterosexual	0.92 (0.63–1.34)	0.67	1.34 (0.97–1.86)	0.08	1.17 (0.69–1.98)	0.56
IDU	1.29 (0.81–2.07)	0.28	1.57 (0.81–3.05)	0.18	1.16 (0.58–2.33)	0.67
Other	0.93 (0.67–1.27)	0.63	1.08 (0.66–1.75)	0.77	0.98 (0.52–1.86)	0.96
Hepatitis B
Neg/Not Tested	1.00		1.00		1.00
Positive	1.05 (0.59–1.84)	0.88	1.21 (0.88–1.66)	0.24	1.14 (0.68–1.9)	0.62
Hepatitis C
Neg/Not Tested	1.00		1.00		1.00
Positive	0.63 (0.4–0.97)	0.04	0.87 (0.53–1.41)	0.56	0.65 (0.39–1.11)	0.12
Year of ART Initiation
1996–2004	1.00		1.00		1.00
2005–2011	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.08	0.7 (0.54–0.91)	0.01	0.62 (0.48–0.81)	<0.001
No	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	1.43 (1.02–2.01)	0.04	0.97 (0.77–1.21)	0.77	1.15 (0.88–1.5)	0.32
CD4 cell count at ART initiation (cells/µL) *
0–199	1.00		1.00		1.00
200–350	1 (0.75–1.35)	0.99	1.28 (0.92–1.76)	0.14	1.19 (0.86–1.64)	0.29
350–500	1.1 (0.78–1.55)	0.60	1.45 (0.93–2.25)	0.10	0.61 (0.19–1.93)	0.40
>500	0.99 (0.68–1.45)	0.97	1.86 (1–3.45)	0.05	1.77 (0.72–4.36)	0.21
Unknown	1.12 (0.63–2.01)	0.69	1.1 (0.79–1.54)	0.58	1.24 (0.83–1.85)	0.29
RNA–VL at ART initiation (copies/ml) *
1–104	1.00		1.00		1.00
104–106	0.76 (0.52–1.11)	0.15	0.71 (0.44–1.17)	0.18	1.59 (0.54–4.72)	0.40
>106	0.81 (0.55–1.17)	0.26	0.78 (0.49–1.25)	0.31	2.24 (0.8–6.27)	0.13
Unknown	0.79 (0.43–1.44)	0.44	1.01 (0.62–1.64)	0.96	1.46 (0.54–3.99)	0.46

Hazard ratios calculated from multivariable model including adjustment for site resourcing.

^*Closest record to ART initiation within a window of 6 month prior to ART and 1 week following ART initiation.