Table 3.
Hazard ratios of death from all causes and selected causes comparing residents of ground floor flats to residents of flats on the eight floor or higher, Switzerland 2001–2008
| Cause | No. of deaths | Age- and sex-adjusted | Fully adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | ||
| All causes | 132,942 | 1.21 | (1.15–1.28) | 1.22 | (1.15–1.28) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 47,356 | 1.37 | (1.24–1.51) | 1.35 | (1.22–1.49) |
| Myocardial infarction | 6,535 | 1.15 | (0.90–1.47) | 1.15 | (0.90–1.47) |
| Stroke | 7,571 | 1.37 | (1.08–1.74) | 1.36 | (1.07–1.74) |
| Respiratory diseases | 8,440 | 1.44 | (1.15–1.81) | 1.40 | (1.11–1.77) |
| Alcohol related deaths | 2,576 | 0.93 | (0.65–1.33) | 0.87 | (0.59–1.27) |
| Stomach cancer | 1,326 | 1.30 | (0.74–2.29) | 1.23 | (0.69–2.18) |
| Lung cancer | 7,842 | 1.25 | (1.02–1.53) | 1.22 | (0.99–1.50) |
| Breast cancerb | 3,330 | 0.89 | (0.63–1.26) | 0.93 | (0.65–1.32) |
| Prostate cancerc | 2,773 | 0.94 | (0.59–1.51) | 1.01 | (0.62–1.63) |
| Transport accidentsd | 593 | 2.57 | (1.10–6.01) | 2.79 | (1.16–6.69) |
| Suicide by any means | 2,697 | 0.71 | (0.50–1.00) | 0.81 | (0.57–1.15) |
| Suicide by jumping from a high place | 336 | 0.39 | (0.17–0.89) | 0.41 | (0.17–0.98) |
Analyses based on 1,500,015 Swiss adults residing in buildings with four and more floors. All models were stratified by building. See main text for ICD-10 codes. Source: Swiss National Cohort
HR hazard ratio
aAdjusted for age, sex, civil status, nationality, language, religion, education, professional status, type of household, household ownership and crowding
bBased on 796,043 women
cBased on 703,972 men
dIncluding 524 deaths from road traffic accidents (87 %)