In vitro pharmacological profiles of S 49164, S 50612 and their enantiomers (A,C). Glycogen synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes after 3 h of treatment with S 49164 and its enantiomers (A) or S 50612 and its enantiomers (C). Data are means ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in quadruplicate wells. (B, D). Insulin secretion from rat islets of Langherans cells after 90 min of treatment with S 49164 and its enantiomers (B) or S 50612 and its enantiomers (D). Data are means ± SEM of three independent experiments performed in eight replicate wells (containing four islets per well). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, significantly different from controls; in A and C, anova and Dunnett's t-test; in B and D, Student's t-test.