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. 2013 Jun 28;3(6):e002264. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002264

Table 2.

ORs (95% CI) for having diarrhoea among family members according to the type of water source and total quantity of water consumed: results of logistic analysis, the 2009 baseline survey of the Kathmandu Valley Water Distribution, Sewerage and Urban Development Project, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Variable Univariate Multivariate
Model 1(−) Model 2(+)
Water source
 Improved source only 1 1 1
 Improved and alternative source 1.33 (0.92 to 1.93) 1.60 (0.95 to 2.69) 1.81 (1.00 to 3.29)
 Alternative source only 0.74 (0.44 to 1.24) 0.79 (0.38 to 1.63) 0.95 (0.36 to 2.49)
Water consumption—litres/capita/day (L/c/d)
 ≥100 1 1 1
 50–99 2.51 (1.25 to 5.00) 2.58 (1.07 to 6.23) 2.92 (1.17 to 7.29)
 20–49 2.10 (1.08 to 4.05) 1.52 (0.63 to 3.63) 1.56 (0.63 to 3.85)
 <20 3.16 (1.64 to 6.08) 2.08 (0.85 to 5.05) 2.53 (1.10 to 6.33)
Demographics
 Number of individuals/room 1.24 (1.09 to 1.41) 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) 1.06 (0.84 to 1.33)
 Number of family members 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) 1.12 (1.01 to 1.24)
 Age of household head 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01)
Socioeconomic status
 Occupation
  White collar 1 1 1
  Blue collar 1.46 (0.90 to 2.35) 1.06 (0.51 to 2.19) 1.30 (0.59 to 2.89)
  Other 1.53 (1.01 to 2.33) 1.26 (0.66 to 2.39) 1.44 (0.72 to 2.88)
Monthly household income—Nepalese rupees (NRs)
 >15 000 1 1 1
 5000–15 000 1.33 (0.89 to 1.98) 0.88 (0.51 to 1.52) 1.02 (0.56 to 1.84)
 <5000 1.51 (0.98 to 2.34) 1.13 (0.63 to 2.05) 1.32 (0.70 to 2.47)
 Data missing 1.49 (0.93 to 2.39) 1.21 (0.64 to 2.30) 1.37 (0.69 to 2.71)
Education
 College 1 1 1
 Secondary (grades 4–10) 1.27 (0.86 to 1.89) 0.98 (0.57 to 1.70) 1.07 (0.59 to 1.92)
 No education/primary (grades 1–3) 1.91 (1.30 to 2.81) 1.85 (1.03 to 3.34) 2.16 (1.13 to 4.11)
 Data missing 1.84 (0.53 to 6.30) 1.24 (0.25 to 6.10) 1.41 (0.28 to 7.59)
Ethnicity
 Brahmin/Chettri/Thakuri 1 1 1
 Newar 1.00 (0.70 to 1.44) 1.00 (0.60 to 1.69) 1.03 (0.55 to 1.91)
 Janajati 0.97 (0.64 to 1.47) 1.00 (0.55 to 1.82) 0.98 (0.52 to 1.86)
 Dalit 1.60 (0.46 to 5.47) 1.77 (0.44 to 7.16) 1.46 (0.32 to 6.62)
 Data missing 0.94 (0.46 to 1.97) 0.75 (0.25 to 2.26) 0.62 (0.19 to 1.97)
Sanitary behaviour
 Household treatment of drinking water
  Always treated 1 1 1
  Sometimes treated 1.33 (0.67 to 2.63) 1.23 (0.52 to 2.91) 0.94 (0.37 to 2.33)
  Never treated 1.07 (0.77 to 1.51) 0.73 (0.44 to 1.19) 0.74 (0.43 to 1.29)
Toilet facilities
 Water-sealed toilet 1 1 1
 Other 1.51 (0.86 to 2.64) 1.55 (0.75 to 3.22) 1.29 (0.57 to 2.93)

(−)Not adjusted for dummy variables for wards in municipalities/village development committees (VDCs) and (+)adjusted for dummy variables for wards in municipalities/VDCs.