Table 2.
Variable | Univariate | Multivariate |
|
---|---|---|---|
Model 1(−) | Model 2(+) | ||
Water source | |||
Improved source only | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Improved and alternative source | 1.33 (0.92 to 1.93) | 1.60 (0.95 to 2.69) | 1.81 (1.00 to 3.29) |
Alternative source only | 0.74 (0.44 to 1.24) | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.63) | 0.95 (0.36 to 2.49) |
Water consumption—litres/capita/day (L/c/d) | |||
≥100 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
50–99 | 2.51 (1.25 to 5.00) | 2.58 (1.07 to 6.23) | 2.92 (1.17 to 7.29) |
20–49 | 2.10 (1.08 to 4.05) | 1.52 (0.63 to 3.63) | 1.56 (0.63 to 3.85) |
<20 | 3.16 (1.64 to 6.08) | 2.08 (0.85 to 5.05) | 2.53 (1.10 to 6.33) |
Demographics | |||
Number of individuals/room | 1.24 (1.09 to 1.41) | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.33) |
Number of family members | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.24) |
Age of household head | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
Socioeconomic status | |||
Occupation | |||
White collar | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Blue collar | 1.46 (0.90 to 2.35) | 1.06 (0.51 to 2.19) | 1.30 (0.59 to 2.89) |
Other | 1.53 (1.01 to 2.33) | 1.26 (0.66 to 2.39) | 1.44 (0.72 to 2.88) |
Monthly household income—Nepalese rupees (NRs) | |||
>15 000 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
5000–15 000 | 1.33 (0.89 to 1.98) | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.52) | 1.02 (0.56 to 1.84) |
<5000 | 1.51 (0.98 to 2.34) | 1.13 (0.63 to 2.05) | 1.32 (0.70 to 2.47) |
Data missing | 1.49 (0.93 to 2.39) | 1.21 (0.64 to 2.30) | 1.37 (0.69 to 2.71) |
Education | |||
College | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Secondary (grades 4–10) | 1.27 (0.86 to 1.89) | 0.98 (0.57 to 1.70) | 1.07 (0.59 to 1.92) |
No education/primary (grades 1–3) | 1.91 (1.30 to 2.81) | 1.85 (1.03 to 3.34) | 2.16 (1.13 to 4.11) |
Data missing | 1.84 (0.53 to 6.30) | 1.24 (0.25 to 6.10) | 1.41 (0.28 to 7.59) |
Ethnicity | |||
Brahmin/Chettri/Thakuri | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Newar | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.44) | 1.00 (0.60 to 1.69) | 1.03 (0.55 to 1.91) |
Janajati | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.47) | 1.00 (0.55 to 1.82) | 0.98 (0.52 to 1.86) |
Dalit | 1.60 (0.46 to 5.47) | 1.77 (0.44 to 7.16) | 1.46 (0.32 to 6.62) |
Data missing | 0.94 (0.46 to 1.97) | 0.75 (0.25 to 2.26) | 0.62 (0.19 to 1.97) |
Sanitary behaviour | |||
Household treatment of drinking water | |||
Always treated | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Sometimes treated | 1.33 (0.67 to 2.63) | 1.23 (0.52 to 2.91) | 0.94 (0.37 to 2.33) |
Never treated | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.51) | 0.73 (0.44 to 1.19) | 0.74 (0.43 to 1.29) |
Toilet facilities | |||
Water-sealed toilet | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Other | 1.51 (0.86 to 2.64) | 1.55 (0.75 to 3.22) | 1.29 (0.57 to 2.93) |
(−)Not adjusted for dummy variables for wards in municipalities/village development committees (VDCs) and (+)adjusted for dummy variables for wards in municipalities/VDCs.