Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients >18 years undergoing major cancer surgery, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2009
| Variables | Baseline characteristics |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (%) | Without PSI event (%) | With PSI event (%) | p Value | |
| Weighted number of patients | 2 508 917 | 2 184 065 (87.1) | 324 852 (12.9) | – |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.9 (11.7) | 65.4 (11.6) | 69.5 (11.7) | <0.001† |
| Median (IQR) | 66 (5874) | 65 (5773) | 71 (6278) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1 511 361 (60.3) | 1 331 716 (61.1) | 179 645 (55.3) | <0.001* |
| Female | 993 704 (39.7) | 848 527 (38.9) | 145 177 (44.7) | |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 1 525 021 (60.8) | 1 324 373 (60.6) | 200 648 (61.8) | <0.001* |
| Black | 177 986 (7.1) | 154 028 (7.1) | 23 958 (7.4) | |
| Hispanic | 98 532 (3.9) | 86 128 (3.9) | 12 404 (3.8) | |
| Other | 93 041 (3.7) | 81 492 (3.6) | 11 549 (3.6) | |
| Unknown | 614 337 (24.5) | 76 293 (23.5) | 76 293 (23.5) | |
| CCI | ||||
| 0 | 1 566 723 (62.4) | 1 412 545 (64.7) | 154 178 (47.5) | <0.001* |
| 1 | 623 985 (24.9) | 516 640 (23.7) | 107 345 (33.0) | |
| 2 | 127 538 (5.1) | 102 276 (4.7) | 25 262 (7.8) | |
| ≥3 | 190 670 (7.6) | 152 603 (7.0) | 38 067 (11.7) | |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Private | 1 057 919 (42.2) | 968 015 (44.3) | 89 904 (27.7) | <0.001* |
| Medicaid | 80 666 (3.2) | 66 947 (3.1) | 13 719 (4.2) | |
| Medicare | 1 265 920 (50.5) | 1 056 618 (48.4) | 209 302 (64.4) | |
| Other | 104 412 (4.2) | 92 485 (4.2) | 11 927 (3.7) | |
| Median household income by ZIP code | ||||
| 1–24 999 | 369 796 (14.7) | 313 652 (14.4) | 56 144 (17.3) | <0.001* |
| 25 000–34 999 | 596 202 (23.8) | 513 758 (23.5) | 82 444 (25.4) | |
| 35 000–44 999 | 646 869 (25.8) | 563 398 (25.8) | 83 471 (25.7) | |
| 45 000+ | 842 375 (33.6) | 746 499 (34.2) | 95 876 (29.5) | |
| Unknown | 53 672 (2.1) | 46 757 (2.1) | 6915 (2.1) | |
| Annual hospital volume | ||||
| 1st quartile | 591 675 (23.6) | 510 024 (23.4) | 81 651 (25.1) | <0.001* |
| 2nd quartile | 640 229 (25.5) | 551 980 (25.3) | 88 249 (27.2) | |
| 3rd quartile | 636 482 (25.4) | 554 325 (25.4) | 82 157 (25.3) | |
| 4th quartile | 640 531 (25.5) | 567 737 (26.0) | 72 794 (22.4) | |
| Hospital location | ||||
| Rural | 268 349 (10.7) | 235 606 (10.8) | 32 743 (10.1) | <0.001* |
| Urban | 2 239 651 (89.3) | 1 947 705 (89.2) | 291 946 (89.9) | |
| Hospital region | ||||
| Northeast | 526 593 (21.) | 458 684 (21.0) | 67 909 (20.9) | <0.001* |
| Midwest | 608 988 (24.3) | 532 951 (24.4) | 76 037 (23.4) | |
| South | 8 822 566 (35.2) | 762 212 (34.9) | 120 354 (37.0) | |
| West | 490 770 (19.6) | 430 218 (19.7) | 60 552 (18.6) | |
| Hospital teaching status | ||||
| Non-teaching | 1 135 065 (45.3) | 979 636 (44.9) | 155 429 (47.9) | <0.001* |
| Teaching | 1 372 935 (54.7) | 1 203 675 (55.1) | 169 260 (52.1) | |
*A chi-square test was performed.
†A Mann-Whitney test was performed.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity index; PSI, Patient Safety Indicator.