Table 8.
Summary of Chemical Reduction of Perchlorate and Calculated Half Lives
| Reductant | Typical half-lifea | Conditions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3ReO2 | 0.26 h | 25°C, pH 0 | Abu-Omar et al.,1996; Abu-Omar and Espenson, 1995 |
| Fe(0) | 252 days | 25°C, [HClO4]=1 M, [Fe(0)]=0.037 M | Abu-Omar et al.,1996; Lang et al.,2002 |
| Ru(II) | 12.5 days | 25°C, [H+]=0.09–0.30 M | Kallen and Earley, 1970, 1971 |
| Sn(II)/Mo | 890 days | 25°C, [H2SO4]=2.5 M, [Mo] (catalyst)=10−5 M | Haight and Sager, 1952 |
| Ti(III) | 53 days | 50°C, [H+]=0.2–1.0 M | Abu-Omar and Espenson, 1995; Duke and Quinney, 1954 |
| Ti(III) | 668 days | 25°C, [H+]=0.1 M | Liu et al.,1984 |
| Ti(III)-Hedta | 2000 days | 25°C, [H+]=0.1 M | Liu et al.,1984 |
| V(II) | 4400 days | 49.95°C, [H+]=0.11 M | King and Garner, 1954 |
| V(III) | 14,000 days | 49.95°C, [H+]=0.11 M | King and Garner, 1954 |
a
Initial concentrations of reductant and perchlorate assumed to be 10−4 M and 10−5 M.