Table 2.
Longitudinal risk (N=53) and protective (N=6) factors for dating abuse perpetration, by number of studies providing evidence
| Factor | Number of studies | Author name, date |
|---|---|---|
| INDIVIDUAL LEVEL RISK FACTORS | ||
| Acceptance of Violence in Dating Relationships | 1 | Foshee, 2001 |
| Adolescent Antisocial Behavior | 1 | Andrews, 2000 |
| Age (Older than Age 18) | 1 | McCloskey, 2003 |
| Aggression-Tolerant Attitudes | 1 | Connolly, 2010 |
| Alcohol Use | 1 | Foshee, 2001 |
| Anxiety | 1 | Foshee, 2010 |
| Child’s Sex | 1 | McCloskey, 2003 |
| Chronic Offenders of Violence Throughout Adolescence | 1 | Herrenkohl, 2007 |
| Depression | 3 |
Cleveland, 2003 Foshee, 2010 McCloskey, 2003 |
| Drinking – Frequency by Volume | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| Drug and Alcohol Use | 1 | Schnurr, 2008 |
| 8th Grade Sexual Initiation | 1 | O’Donnell, 2006 |
| Emotional Distress | 1 | Tschann, 2009 |
| Fighting | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| General Aggression | 2 |
Kerr, 2011 O’Donnell, 2006 |
| General Antisocial Behavior | 1 | Lavoie, 2002 |
| Having Sex Before Love-Telling | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| RELATIONSHIP LEVEL RISK FACTORS | ||
| Aversive Family Communication | 1 | Andrews, 2000 |
| Childhood Physical Abuse | 1 | Linder, 2005 |
| Early Involvement with Antisocial Peers | 1 | Schnurr, 2008 |
| Engagement in Peer Violence | 2 |
Foshee, 2010 Ozer, 2004 |
| Exposure to Father-to-Mother Violence | 1 | Tschann, 2009 |
| Exposure to Interparental Violence | 1 | Tschann, 2009 |
| Exposure to Mother-to-Father Violence | 1 | Tschann, 2009 |
| (Low) Father-Child Hostility | 1 | Schnurr, 2008 |
| Friends Perpetrating Adolescent Dating Violence | 2 |
Arriaga, 2004 Foshee, 2010 |
| Friends Victims of Adolescent Dating Violence | 1 | Foshee, 2010 |
| (Low) Friendship Quality | 1 | Linder, 2005 |
| Harsh Parenting Practices | 1 | Lavoie, 2002 |
| Hostile/Conflict Couple Relationship | 1 | Connolly, 2010 |
| Hostile Friendships | 1 | Stocker, 2007 |
| Increased Involvement with Antisocial Peers | 1 | Schnurr, 2008 |
| Negative Parent-Child Interactions | 1 | Linder, 2005 |
| Parental Marital Conflict | 2 |
Stocker, 2007 Tschann, 2009 |
| Higher Number of Sex Partners | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| History of Physical Aggression | 1 | Gidycz, 2007 |
| History of Sexual Aggression | 2 |
Gidycz, 2007 Ozer, 2004 |
| History of Verbal Aggression | 1 | Gidycz, 2007 |
| Late Increasing Pattern of Violence in Adolescence | 1 | Herrenkohl, 2007 |
| Marijuana Use | 1 | Foshee, 2010 |
| Prior Dating Violence | 2 |
Tschann, 2009 Wolfe, 2004 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 3 |
Connolly, 2010 Foshee, 2001 Foshee, 2010 |
| Sex Desirability | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| Substance Use | 1 | O’Donnell, 2006 |
| Suicide Attempt | 1 | Kerr, 2011 |
| Total Drinking | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| Trauma Symptoms | 1 | Wolfe, 2004 |
| Trauma-Related Anger | 1 | Wolfe, 2004 |
| Use of Aggressive Media | 1 | Connolly, 2010 |
| (Low) Parental Monitoring | 1 | Lavoie, 2002 |
| Parent-Child Boundary Violations | 1 | Linder, 2005 |
| Partner’s Use of Physical Aggression | 1 | O’Leary, 2003 |
| Unskilled Parenting | 1 | Kerr, 2011 |
| INDIVIDUAL LEVEL PROTECTIVE FACTORS | ||
| Discrepancy between Dating Abuse Related Attitudes and Behaviors (Cognitive Dissonance) | 1 | Schumacher, 2004 |
| (Higher) Empathy | 1 | McCloskey, 2003 |
| Grade Point Average | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| Verbal IQ | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| RELATIONSHIP LEVEL PROTECTIVE FACTORS | ||
| Positive Relationship with Mother | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |
| School Attachment | 1 | Cleveland, 2003 |