. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2012 Jul 18;43(4):813–823. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712001493

Table 3.

Results of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses predicting transition time from initiation of cannabis use to onset of first cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptom^a

	Base model HR (95% CI)	Model with covariates HR (95% CI)
Alcohol use	2.73 (1.78–4.17)^*	1.95 (1.27–2.99)^*
Order of initiation^b
Cannabis first	1.41 (1.07–1.87)^*	1.44 (1.08–1.93)^*
Same age	0.91 (0.64–1.28)	0.89 (0.61–1.29)
No alcohol	1.43 (0.59–3.48)	1.26 (0.51–3.09)
AA ethnicity	1.27 (0.94–1.70)	1.59 (1.13–2.24)^*
Maternal alcohol problems	1.52 (1.20–1.91)^*	1.27 (0.99–1.63)
Paternal alcohol problems	1.19 (0.94–1.49)	1.01 (0.80–1.28)
Childhood physical abuse or neglect (CPAN)	–	1.09 (0.86–1.39)
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA)	–	1.40 (1.11–1.77)^*
Major depressive disorder (MDD)	–	1.30 (1.03–1.65)^*
Conduct disorder (CD)	–	1.82 (1.41–2.35)^*
Regular smoking	–	2.04 (1.58–2.64)^*

AA, African-American; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Adjusted for age at time of symptom report, age at first use, sampling design, and proportional hazards violations.

Alcohol first as reference group.

p < 0.05.