. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2012 Jul 18;43(4):813–823. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712001493

Table 4.

Results of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses predicting transition time from first drink to onset of first alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptom^a

	Base model HR (95% CI)	Model with Covariates HR (95% CI)
Cannabis use	1.16 (0.96–1.40)	1.18 (1.00–1.38)
Order of initiation^b
Cannabis first	0.69 (0.57–0.84)^*	0.68 (0.56–0.83)^*
Same age	0.79 (0.68–0.92)^*	0.78 (0.66–0.91)^*
No cannabis	0.40 (0.34–0.47)^*	0.45 (0.39–0.53)^*
AA ethnicity	0.72 (0.60–0.86)^*	0.74 (0.61–0.90)^*
Maternal alcohol problems	1.17 (1.00–1.36)	1.03 (0.88–1.21)
Paternal alcohol problems	1.23 (1.09–1.39)^*	1.09 (0.97–1.24)
Childhood physical abuse or neglect (CPAN)	–	1.09 (0.95–1.25)
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA)	–	1.14 (0.97–1.33)
Major depressive disorder (MDD)	–	1.38 (1.22–1.55)^*
Conduct disorder (CD)	–	1.47 (1.19–1.82)^*
Regular smoking	–	1.22 (1.04–1.44)^*

AA, African-American; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Adjusted for age at time of symptom report, age at first use, sampling design, and proportional hazards violations.

Alcohol first as reference group.

p < 0.05.