Table 2.
Activity of ceftaroline and comparator antimicrobial agents when tested against 19,350 Staphylococcus aureus and 3,270 CoNS isolates from U.S. hospitals
| Organism (no. tested) and antimicrobial agent | MIC (μg/ml) |
% S/% R (CLSI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIC50 | MIC90 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus (19,350) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 1 | 98.5/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | 8 | >8 | 49.0/51.0 |
| Oxacillin | >2 | >2 | 49.0/51.0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | 80.9/18.9 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.5 | >4 | 58.4/40.1 |
| TMP-SMXb | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 98.4/1.6 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | ≤2 | 95.5/3.9 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 99.9/0.1 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | >99.9/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 99.9/— |
| MRSA (9,875) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 1 | 97.2/0.0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | 67.9/31.8 |
| Levofloxacin | 4 | >4 | 29.5/68.4 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 98.0/2.0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | ≤2 | 95.0/4.6 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 99.9/0.1 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | >99.9/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 99.8/— |
| Linezolid resistant (MIC, ≥8 μg/ml; 14) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 1 | 2 | 85.7/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | >8 | >8 | 0.0/100.0 |
| Oxacillin | >2 | >2 | 0.0/100.0 |
| Clindamycin | >2 | >2 | 21.4/71.4 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 14.3/85.7 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 92.9/7.1 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | >8 | 78.6/21.4 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0/— |
| Daptomycin nonsusceptible (MIC, ≥2 μg/ml; 18) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | >8 | >8 | 5.6/94.4 |
| Oxacillin | >2 | >2 | 5.6/94.4 |
| Clindamycin | >2 | >2 | 33.3/66.7 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 27.8/72.2 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | ≤2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin MIC of ≥2 μg/ml (369) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 1 | 91.9/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | >8 | >8 | 29.8/70.2 |
| Oxacillin | >2 | >2 | 29.8/70.2 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | 57.5/42.5 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 37.7/61.2 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 96.7/3.3 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | ≤2 | 95.7/4.1 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 98.9/1.1 |
| Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 99.7/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.5 | 1 | 96.2/— |
| CoNSc (all strains; 3,270) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.25 | 0.5 | —/— |
| Ceftriaxone | 8 | >8 | 30.6/69.4 |
| Oxacillin | 2 | >2 | 30.6/69.4 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | 68.5/29.3 |
| Levofloxacin | 4 | >4 | 47.9/50.5 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | >2 | 61.8/38.2 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | >8 | 85.6/13.6 |
| Linezolid | 0.5 | 1 | 98.4/1.6 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 99.9/— |
| Methicillin resistant (2,268) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.25 | 0.5 | —/— |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | 59.8/37.8 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 34.3/63.8 |
| TMP-SMX | 2 | >2 | 52.7/47.3 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | >8 | 84.1/15.5 |
| Linezolid | 0.5 | 1 | 97.9/2.1 |
| Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 99.9/— |
| Linezolid resistant (MIC, ≥8 μg/ml; 51) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.5 | 0.5 | —/— |
| Ceftriaxone | >8 | >8 | 5.9/94.1 |
| Oxacillin | >2 | >2 | 5.9/94.1 |
| Clindamycin | 1 | >2 | 39.2/19.6 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 2.0/98.0 |
| TMP-SMX | >2 | >2 | 9.8/90.2 |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | ≤2 | 96.1/3.9 |
| Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0/— |
| Daptomycin nonsusceptible (MIC, ≥2 μg/ml; 4) | |||
| Ceftaroline | 0.06 | —/— | |
| Ceftriaxone | 4 | 50.0/50.0 | |
| Oxacillin | ≤0.25 | 50.0/50.0 | |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | 75.0/25.0 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 | |
| TMP-SMX | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 | |
| Tetracycline | ≤2 | 100.0/0.0 | |
| Linezolid | 0.5 | 100.0/0.0 | |
| Vancomycin | 2 | 100.0/0.0 | |
Criteria as published by the CLSI (12) and EUCAST (13); β-lactam susceptibility should be directed by the oxacillin test results. S, susceptible; R, resistant. —, no breakpoint has been established.
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Among the included strains were Staphylococcus auricularis (18 strains), S. capitis (65 strains), S. carnosus (1 strain), S. cohnii (2 strains), S. epidermidis (924 strains), S. haemolyticus (66 strains), S. hominis (119 strains), S. intermedius (5 strains), S. lentus (1 strain), S. lugdunensis (87 strains), S. saccharolyticus (1 strain), S. saprophyticus (26 strains), S. sciuri (5 strains), S. simulans (6 strains), S. succinus (1 strain), S. warneri (38 strains), S. xylosus (2 strains), and unspeciated CoNS (1,903 strains).