Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with ESBL bacteremia
| Variabled | Value for group |
P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 232) | Therapy within 24 h that was deemed: |
|||
| Appropriate (n = 85; 37%) | Inappropriate (n = 147; 63%) | |||
| No. (%) of patients of age (yr) | 0.17 | |||
| 1–17 | 24 (10) | 13 (15) | 11 (7) | |
| 18–64 | 87 (38) | 29 (34) | 58 (39) | |
| ≥65 | 121 (52) | 43 (51) | 78 (53) | |
| No. (%) of male patients | 140 (60) | 51 (60) | 89 (61) | 1.00 |
| Median (IQR) LOS before onset (days) | 7.5 (1–21) | 6 (1–25) | 8 (1–20) | 0.83 |
| No. (%) of patients with comorbidity | ||||
| Malignancy | 78 (34) | 37 (44) | 41 (28) | 0.02 |
| Obstructive urinary tract disease | 43 (19) | 18 (21) | 25 (17) | 0.48 |
| Biliary disease | 17 (7) | 7 (8) | 10 (7) | 0.80 |
| Recurrent UTI | 0.71 | |||
| Yes | 35 (15) | 14 (17) | 21 (14) | |
| Unknownb | 41 (18) | 15 (18) | 26 (18) | |
| Solid-organ transplant | 25 (11) | 9 (11) | 16 (11) | 1.00 |
| Stem cell transplant | 14 (6) | 6 (7) | 8 (5) | 0.78 |
| No. (%) of patients with Charlson comorbidity index of: | 0.10 | |||
| 0 | 44 (19) | 9 (11) | 35 (24) | |
| 1–2 | 102 (44) | 41 (48) | 61 (42) | |
| 3–4 | 46 (20) | 18 (21) | 28 (19) | |
| ≥5 | 40 (17) | 17 (20) | 23 (16) | |
| No. (%) of patients with immune suppression caused by: | ||||
| Immunosuppressant use | 52 (22) | 20 (24) | 32 (22) | 0.87 |
| Neutropenia | 25 (11) | 14 (17) | 11 (8) | 0.05 |
| No. (%) of patients with invasive procedures in last 4 wk | ||||
| Surgical procedure (n = 230) | 78 (34) | 31 (37) | 47 (32) | 0.57 |
| Urologic procedure (n = 218) | 48 (22) | 23 (28) | 25 (19) | 0.13 |
| No. (%) of patients with invasive devices at bacteremia onset | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation (n = 229) | 32 (14) | 13 (16) | 19 (13) | 0.70 |
| CVC/arterial catheter (n = 218) | 78 (36) | 33 (42) | 45 (32) | 0.19 |
| No. (%) of patients with previous antibiotic use | ||||
| No. of courses previous yr: | ||||
| ≥3 | 100 (43) | 42 (49) | 58 (39) | 0.21 |
| Unknown | 58 (25) | 19 (22) | 39 (27) | |
| 2/3GCs in previous 2 mo (n = 227) | 77 (34) | 30 (37) | 47 (33) | 0.67 |
| β-Lactams in previous 2 mo (n = 226) | 146 (65) | 59 (72) | 87 (60) | 0.09 |
| Fluoroquinolones in previous 2 mo (n = 225) | 76 (34) | 31 (38) | 45 (31) | 0.31 |
| No. (%) of patients with known hospitalization abroad previous yr | 13 (6) | 4 (5) | 9 (6) | 0.77 |
| No (%) of patients known to be ESBL carriers at bacteremia onset (n = 227) | 71 (31) | 38 (46) | 33 (23) | <0.01 |
| No. (%) of patients at hospital | ||||
| University | 139 (60) | 60 (71) | 79 (54) | 0.01c |
| 1 | 27 (12) | 13 (15) | 14 (10) | |
| 2 | 38 (16) | 16 (19) | 22 (15) | |
| 3 | 74 (32) | 31 (36) | 43 (29) | |
| Non-university | 93 (40) | 25 (29) | 68 (46) | |
| 1 | 19 (8) | 3 (4) | 16 (11) | |
| 2 | 18 (8) | 4 (5) | 14 (10) | |
| 3 | 33 (14) | 14 (16) | 19 (13) | |
| 4 | 9 (4) | 2 (2) | 7 (5) | |
| 5 | 14 (6) | 2 (2) | 12 (8) | |
a
P value of comparison between patients with appropriate and those with inappropriate therapy, calculated with Pearson's chi-squared, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney U test when applicable.
b
Unknown cases were included in the group not having recurrent UTI.
c
Comparison of university hospital versus non-university hospital patients.
d
2/3GC, second- or third-generation cephalosporin; CVC, central venous catheter; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; UTI, urinary tract infection.