Table 2.
Main pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin in the upper lung, lower lung, and plasma (CPB group)a
| Parameter (unit) | Upper lung | Lower lung | P value | Plasma |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tmax (min) | 109 (60–120)/110 ± 21 | 107 (60–120)/108 ± 20 | 1c | 40 (20–60)/32 ± 15 |
| Cmax (μg/ml) | 3.6 (2.0–7.9)/3.9 ± 2.2 | 6.7 (5.6–10)/7.3 ± 2 | 0.05b | 10.6 (2.2–12.1)/10.2 ± 4.3 |
| AUC0–8 (μg/h/ml) | 20.9 (6.7–24.4)/18.3 ± 7.2 | 28.9 (24.0–49.9)/32.1 ± 5.6 | 0.04b | 35.7 (33.3–40.3)/36 ± 4.8 |
| AUC0-∞ (μg/h/ml) | 22 (7.6–34.7)/20.9 ± 8.7 | 34.9 (30.2–55.1)/37.4 ± 5 | 0.04b | 46.8 (41.4–48.2)/45.2 ± 1.9 |
| AUCtissue/AUCplasma | 0.5 (0.2–0.64)/0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.9 (0.6–2)/0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.05b | |
| Cmax/MIC90 (Klebsiella sp.) | 1.9 (1–3.4)/2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.8 (0.7–1.3)/0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.12b | 5.3 (2–6.1)/5 ± 0.6 |
| Cmax/MIC90 (S. pneumoniae) | 0.9 (0.5–2)/1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 (1.4–2.6)/1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.14b | 8.9 (8.2–10.1)/9 ± 0.8 |
| Cmax/MIC90 (P. aeruginosa) | 0.7 (0.3–1)/0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 (0.6–1)/0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.13b | 4.5 (4.2–5)/4.3 ± 0.2 |
| AUC0–8/MIC90 (Klebsiella sp.) extrapolated 24 h | 9.1 (4.2–12.8)/9.4 ± 2.6 | 15.6 (9.6–21.3)/15.8 ± 4.3 | 0,46c | 17.9 (16.7–20.2)/18 ± 2.3 |
| AUC0–8/MIC90 (S. pneumoniae) extrapolated 24 h | 5.1 (1.7–8.5)/4.9 ± 3.1 | 7.1 (5.8–11)/7.8 ± 2.1 | 0.45c | 8.9 (8.3–10.1)/9 ± 1 |
| AUC0–8/MIC90 (P. aeruginosa) extrapolated 24 h | 2.3 (1.1–3.9)/2.6 ± 1.3 | 3.8 (2.7–5.8)/3.9 ± 0.8 | 0.45c | 4.5 (4.1–5)/4.2 ± 0.3 |
| t1/2 (h) | 2.2 (1.2–4.8)/2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.0 (1.4–3.1)/2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.56b | 2.9 (2.5–4.1)/3.0 ± 1.1 |
a
P values of <0.05 indicate a significant difference. Except for P values, values are given as median (range)/mean ± SD. AUC0–8, AUC from 0 to 8 h; AUC0-∞, AUC from 0 to infinity; AUCtissue/AUCplasma ratio, ratio of AUC in tissue to AUC in plasma from 0 to 8 h; AUC0–8/MIC90, ratio of AUC from 0 to 8 h to MIC90 (extrapolated over 24 h); Cmax, peak drug concentration; Cmax/MIC90, peak concentration of LVX to MIC90; Tmax, time until maximum drug concentration was observed; t1/2, half-life.
b
Statisical analysis using Student's t test.
c
Statisical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.