Table 1.

Summary of the main correlations reported between visfatin circulating levels and CV disease in human subjects.

Clinical condition	Main correlations found	References
↔TD2	+Endothelial dysfunction (FMD)	[32]
↑TD2	+Homocystein, ±ADMA	[33]
↑TD2	+Carotid IMT	[35]
↑Morbid obesity	+Epicardial fat thickness, +PAI-1	[36]
↑Preeclampsia	+CRP, +IL-6, +blood pressure, and +free fatty acids	[37]
↑Metabolic syndrome	+IL-6, +MCP-1, and +IMT	[38]
↑Metabolic syndrome	+Blood pressure	[29]
↑PCOS	+Endothelial dysfunction (FMD), ±hsCRP, and ±IMT	[39]
↑CAD	+MCP-1, +IL-6	[40]
↑CKD	−GFR, +TD2, and +endothelial dysfunction (FMD)	[41]
↑CKD	+GFR, +IL-6, +CRP, and +sVCAM-1	[42]
↑CKD	+sVCAM-1, +sICAM-1, and +MCAM	[43, 44]
↑Hemodialysis	±Atherosclerosis, +hsCRP	[45]
↑Renal transplantation	+Endothelial function (FMD)	[46]
↑Ischemic stroke	+hsCRP, −LDLc	[47]
↑STEMI	+Occlusion IRA, +hsCRP, and +myocardial damage	[48, 49]

↔: no change in circulating visfatin levels. ↑: enhanced circulating visfatin levels. ↓: reduced circulating visfatin levels. +: positive correlation reported, −: negative correlation reported, ±: no significant correlation reported. CAD: coronary artery disease, FMD: flow-mediated dilation, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL: interleukin, IMT: intima-media thickness, IRA: infarct-related artery, LDLc: low-density lipoprotein-associated cholesterol, MCAM: melanoma cell adhesion molecule, MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome, sICAM: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, sVCAM: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, and TD2: type 2 diabetes mellitus.