Table 1.
Presence or absence of parasite antigen-induced cytokine production by CB mononuclear cells from offspring of women infected or not with common intravascular parasitic infection during pregnancy
| Source of CB | Subject | Cytokine(s) induced by antigen toa: |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malariab | Schistosomec | Filariasisd | ||
| Kenya (sensitized) | 007 | IFN-γ/IL-13/IL-5 | ||
| 044 | IFN-γ | |||
| 061 | IFN-γ/IL-13 | IL-5/IL-13 | ||
| 195 | IL-13/IL-10 | |||
| 110 | IFN-γ/IL-13/IL-10 | IFN-γ/IL-13 | ||
| 211 | IFN-γ | IFN-γ/IL-10 | ||
| 024 | IFN-γ | |||
| 039 | IFN-γ/IL-13/IL-10 | IFN-γ/IL-13 | ||
| Kenya (not sensitized) | 016 | |||
| 049 | ||||
| 276 | ||||
| 082 | ||||
| 089 | ||||
| 055 | ||||
| 108 | ||||
| 067 | ||||
| North America | 1 | |||
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | ||||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | ||||
| 6 | ||||
| 7 | ||||
| 8 | ||||
a
Positive response was assessed by ELISA and defined as cytokine production that was increased >2-fold over the background level.
b
The malaria antigens used were P. falciparum MSP1-42 and PfP0. If only one cytokine was detected, a positive response was defined as >2-fold production in response to two or more malaria blood stage antigens.
c
The schistosome antigen was crude soluble adult worm extract from Schistosoma mansoni (SWAP).
d
The filarial antigen was a crude soluble extract of Brugia malayi.