gldK, gldL, and gldM are each required for chitin utilization. Approximately 106 cells of F. johnsoniae were spotted onto MYA-chitin medium containing tetracycline and incubated at 25°C for 60 h. (A) F. johnsoniae CJ1827 (wild type), CJ2122 (ΔgldK), and CJ2122 complemented with pTB99, which carries gldK (ΔgldK pTB99). (B) F. johnsoniae CJ1827 (wild type), CJ2157 (ΔgldL), and CJ2157 complemented with pTB81a, which carries gldL (ΔgldL pTB81a). (C) F. johnsoniae CJ1827 (wild type), CJ2262 (ΔgldM), and CJ2262 complemented with pTB94a, which carries gldM (ΔgldM pTB94a). CJ1827, CJ2122, CJ2157, and CJ2262 carried control vector pCP23 so that all strains were resistant to tetracycline.