Determination of arginase I expression (left panel) and arginase activity (right panel) in sera from patients with human African trypanosomiasis before treatment and 6 months later (n = 12). Open circles (○) represent the median for each group. Values for each patient are joined by a black line, and medians are joined by a dashed line. Arginase I expression values (median, 43 ng/ml before treatment) decreased after treatment (median, 18.5 ng/ml, P < 0.005) to return to healthy control values (17 ng/ml). Arginase activity (median, 5.54 U/liter before treatment) decreased after treatment (median, 2.72 U/liter, P < 0.001) to return to healthy control values (2.65 U/liter).