Table 2.
Mortality Associated With Cystatin C, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Albuminuria
| No. of Patients | Total No. of Deaths | HR (95% CI)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Model 1a | Adjusted Model 2b | |||
| Estimated GFR Creatinine ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | ||||
| No CKD all | 19 876 | 863 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
|
| ||||
| CKD defined by biomarker measuresc | ||||
| ACR alone | 2485 | 241 | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 1.7 (1.4–1.9) |
|
| ||||
| Cystatin C alone | 963 | 173 | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 2.2 (1.9–2.7) |
|
| ||||
| ACR + Cystatin C | 415 | 105 | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) | 3.0 (2.4–3.7) |
|
| ||||
| Estimated GFR Creatinine <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | ||||
| CKD defined by biomarker measuresc | ||||
| Creatinine alone | 701 | 32 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
|
| ||||
| Creatine + ACR | 148 | 27 | 3.7 (2.2–6.2) | 3.3 (2.0–5.6) |
|
| ||||
| Creatinine + Cystatin C | 1172 | 223 | 3.5 (2.4–5.1) | 3.2 (2.2–4.7) |
|
| ||||
| All biomarkers | 883 | 276 | 6.6 (4.6–9.6) | 5.6 (3.9–8.2) |
Abbreviation: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.
a
Model 1 adjusts for age, race, sex, income, and educational attainment.
b
Model 2 adjusts for the above plus hypertension, diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking status, and body mass index.
c
See “Methods” section for definitions of biomarker measures.