Table 3.

Risk of Death and End-Stage Renal Disease Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Creatinine and Cystatin C^a

Biomarker Measures, Estimated GFR mL/min/1.73 m2	No. of Participants	No of Events	Rates per 1000 Person-Years	HR (95% CI)
				Adjusted Model 1b	Adjusted Model 2c
All-Cause Mortality Over 4.6 y
Creatinine + Cystatin C, ≥60	22 361	1104	10.9 (10.9–11.0)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Creatinine alone, <60	849	59	15.4 (14.9–15.9)	1.0 (0.7,1.2)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Cystatin C alone, <60	1378	278	47.0 (45.8–48.2)	2.6 (2.2–2.9)	2.1 (1.9–2.5)
Creatinine + Cystatin C, <60	2055	799	57.8 (56.6–59.1)	2.8 (2.5–3.1)	2.1 (1.9–2.4)
End-Stage Renal Disease Over 4.6 y
Creatinine + Cystatin C, ≥60	22 361	17	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Creatinine alone, <60	849	2	0.5 (0.1–2.2)	3.9 (0.9–16.9)	2.5 (0.6–10.9)
Cystatin C, <60	1378	14	2.2 (1.3–3.8)	12.6 (6.2–25.9)	5.8 (2.8–12.1)
Creatinine + Cystatin C, <60	2055	144	15.8 (13.5–18.6)	90.5 (53.2–153.9)	26.1 (14.9–45.7)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence; HR, hazard ratio.

^aStage 3 chronic kidney disease is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m².

^bMortality model adjusts for age, race, sex, income, educational attainment, hypertension, and diabetes. End-stage renal disease model adjusts for age, race, sex, hypertension, and diabetes.

^cMortality model adjusts for the above plus hypertension, diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking status, body mass index, waist circumference, and log albumin-to-creatinine ratio. End-stage renal disease model adjusts for the above plus log albumin-to-creatinine ratio.