Table 2.
Sample characteristics by cluster.
| Cluster 1 (n = 188) |
Cluster 2 (n = 348) |
Cluster 3 (n = 450) |
Cluster 4 (n = 468) |
Cluster 5 (n = 504) |
Total (n = 1958) |
χ 2 or t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.796 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 18–40 years | 7.4% | 14.4% | 14.3% | 13.1% | 10.5% | 12.4% | ||
| 41–64 years | 30.9% | 37.6% | 49.1% | 49.5% | 52.3% | 46.2% | ||
| 65+ years | 61.7% | 48.0% | 36.6% | 37.4% | 37.3% | 41.4% | ||
| Sex | 4.374 | 0.358 | ||||||
| Male | 29.3% | 34.2% | 28.0% | 30.4% | 28.6% | 29.9% | ||
| Female | 70.7% | 65.8% | 72.0% | 69.6% | 71.4% | 70.1% | ||
| Education | 13.737 | 0.089 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 7.0% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 6.2% | 3.4% | 5.2% | ||
| High school graduate | 33.7% | 31.9% | 40.0% | 39.7% | 38.8% | 37.6% | ||
| More than high school | 59.4% | 62.9% | 54.6% | 54.1% | 57.8% | 57.2% | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 33.592 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 79.8% | 74.9% | 76.7% | 84.2% | 87.1% | 81.1% | ||
| African American | 12.0% | 11.4% | 10.5% | 6.0% | 6.1% | 8.6% | ||
| Hispanic | 8.2% | 13.7% | 12.8% | 9.9% | 6.9% | 10.3% | ||
| Body mass index | 13.557 | 0.094 | ||||||
| Normal weight | 28.0% | 30.7% | 27.7% | 33.9% | 28.2% | 29.9% | ||
| Overweight | 41.8% | 35.8% | 34.6% | 35.7% | 33.3% | 35.4% | ||
| Obese | 30.2% | 33.4% | 37.8% | 30.4% | 38.6% | 34.7% | ||
| Number of chronic conditions | 1.42 (±1.08) | 1.32 (±1.17) | 1.32 (±1.10) | 1.28 (±1.11) | 1.30 (±1.15) | 1.32 (±1.13) | 0.536 | 0.709 |
| Distance traveled to (in miles) | ||||||||
| Medical care facility | 3.59 (±6.29) | 3.33 (±1.96) | 14.32 (±14.96) | 23.29 (±17.05) | 45.01 (±26.70) | 21.41 (±23.51) | 388.041 | <0.001 |
| Dental care facility | 1.24 (±0.58) | 6.39 (±11.01) | 14.26 (±17.42) | 15.62 (±8.00) | 42.70 (±25.89) | 19.27 (±22.13) | 371.269 | <0.001 |
| Retrieve prescription medications | 1.24 (±0.83) | 2.50 (±1.69) | 4.43 (±2.27) | 14.27 (±8.26) | 26.45 (±17.75) | 11.81 (±13.94) | 472.017 | <0.001 |
| Total | 6.07 (±6.14) | 12.21 (±10.31) | 33.02 (±21.35) | 53.18 (±17.59) | 114.15 (±46.52) | 52.49 (±48.13) | 1011.251 | <0.001 |
| UIC | ||||||||
| Metro | 12.5% | 25.5% | 23.9% | 20.2% | 17.9% | 52.6% | 158.623 | <0.001 |
| Nonmetro | 6.4% | 9.2% | 22.0% | 28.0% | 34.5% | 47.4% | ||
| MUA | ||||||||
| Not designated | 17.1% | 37.0% | 30.5% | 14.1% | 1.3% | 31.6% | 510.874 | <0.001 |
| Designated | 6.1% | 8.9% | 19.5% | 28.5% | 37.0% | 68.4% | ||
| HPSA | ||||||||
| Not designated | 13.2% | 25.9% | 28.1% | 20.4% | 12.4% | 57.9% | 365.209 | <0.001 |
| Designated | 4.7% | 6.5% | 16.0% | 28.7% | 44.0% | 42.1% | ||
| Frontier | ||||||||
| Not designated | 11.9% | 21.8% | 26.1% | 22.9% | 17.3% | 75.9% | 290.413 | <0.001 |
| Designated | 2.3% | 5.1% | 13.2% | 27.0% | 52.4% | 24.1% |
UIC: Urban Influence Codes.
MUA: Medically Underserved Area.
HPSA: Health Professional Shortage Area.