Table 3.
Factors associated with rurality designation (n = 1790).
| UIC | MUA | HPSA | Frontier | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||||||||
| OR | P | Lower | Upper | OR | P | Lower | Upper | OR | P | Lower | Upper | OR | P | Lower | Upper | |
| Age: 18–40 years | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Age: 41–64 years | 1.23 | 0.284 | 0.84 | 1.79 | 1.23 | 0.353 | 0.80 | 1.90 | 0.66 | 0.046 | 0.44 | 0.99 | 0.67 | 0.119 | 0.41 | 1.11 |
| Age: 65+ years | 1.35 | 0.009 | 1.08 | 1.68 | 1.69 | <0.001 | 1.30 | 2.22 | 0.84 | 0.144 | 0.66 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 0.140 | 0.62 | 1.07 |
| Male | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Female | 1.18 | 0.143 | 0.95 | 1.47 | 1.12 | 0.405 | 0.86 | 1.45 | 0.88 | 0.294 | 0.70 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 0.665 | 0.72 | 1.23 |
| Education: less than high School | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Education: high school graduate | 1.28 | 0.353 | 0.76 | 2.15 | 1.44 | 0.228 | 0.80 | 2.60 | 1.04 | 0.889 | 0.59 | 1.83 | 1.33 | 0.406 | 0.68 | 2.60 |
| Education: more than high School | 1.16 | 0.156 | 0.94 | 1.43 | 1.45 | 0.005 | 1.12 | 1.88 | 1.55 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 1.93 | 1.66 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 2.13 |
| Non-Hispanic white | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| African American | 2.64 | <0.001 | 1.77 | 3.95 | 3.71 | <0.001 | 2.38 | 5.77 | 1.60 | 0.030 | 1.05 | 2.45 | 2.19 | 0.008 | 1.23 | 3.91 |
| Hispanic | 1.43 | 0.162 | 0.87 | 2.37 | 2.14 | 0.006 | 1.24 | 3.70 | 1.39 | 0.229 | 0.81 | 2.38 | 2.49 | 0.010 | 1.25 | 4.97 |
| BMI: normal weight | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| BMI: overweight | 1.00 | 0.998 | 0.77 | 1.30 | 1.18 | 0.302 | 0.86 | 1.61 | 1.39 | 0.019 | 1.06 | 1.84 | 1.24 | 0.188 | 0.90 | 1.72 |
| BMI: obese | 1.09 | 0.499 | 0.85 | 1.39 | 1.17 | 0.283 | 0.88 | 1.57 | 1.33 | 0.031 | 1.03 | 1.73 | 1.58 | 0.003 | 1.17 | 2.13 |
| Number of chronic conditions | 1.04 | 0.412 | 0.94 | 1.15 | 1.04 | 0.557 | 0.92 | 1.17 | 1.03 | 0.529 | 0.93 | 1.15 | 1.08 | 0.225 | 0.96 | 1.21 |
| Health services travel: Cluster 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Health services travel: Cluster 2 | 0.48 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 0.63 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.16 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.22 |
| Health services travel: Cluster 3 | 0.70 | 0.012 | 0.53 | 0.93 | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.52 | 0.36 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.48 |
| Health services travel: Cluster 4 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.41 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| Health services travel: Cluster 5 | 0.21 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| *Referent group: metro designation | *Referent group: non-underserved area | *Referent group: nonshortage area | *Referent group: nonfrontier designation | |||||||||||||
| Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.137 | Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.392 | Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.252 | Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.248 | |||||||||||||
UIC: Urban Influence Codes.
MUA: Medically Underserved Area.
HPSA: Health Professional Shortage Area.