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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Environmetrics. 2005 Aug;16(5):547–562. doi: 10.1002/env.721

Table 2.

Posterior mean and 95 per cent posterior region of the overall effect μ under alternative specifications for the random effects distributions

Random effect distribution	National average estimate
Normal & 1/τ² ~ G(0.01, 0.01)	1.25 (0.47, 2.03)
Normal & 1/τ² ~ G(0.001, 0.001)	1.20 (0.47, 1.93)
Normal & 1/τ² ~ G(0.0001, 0.0001)	1.20 (0.51, 1.89)
t-student with 3df & 1/τ² ~ G(0.001, 0.001)	1.26 (0.50, 2.02)
Mixture of two normals & 1/τ² ~ G(0.001, 0.001)	1.33 (0.51, 2.15)
Normal & 1/τ² ∝ constant	1.29 (0.35, 2.23)
Normal & 1/τ²/(1/τ² + 1/v^c) ~ U[0, 1]	1.27 (0.37, 2.17)