Figure 10.

Variable effective population size inferred from real human data for European (CEU) and African (YRI) populations. For each population, we analyzed a 2-Mb region on chromosome 1 from five diploid individuals (10 haplotypes), assuming a per-generation mutation rate of μ = 1.25 × 10⁻⁸ per site. (A) The results of PSMC, which had some runaway behavior and unrealistic results. The data set is probably too small for PSMC to work accurately. (B) The results of diCal. We inferred that the European population size underwent a severe bottleneck ∼117 KYA and recovered in the past 16,000 years to an effective size of ≈12,500. In contrast, our results suggest that the YRI population size did not experience such a significant drop during the early out-of-Africa bottleneck phase in Europeans.