. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2012 Feb;49(1):337–358. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0084-6

Table 3.

Differences in variable means by race and year: 17- and 18-year-old Brazilian children,^a 1982 and 2007

	1982						2007
				White-Pardo	White-Black	Pardo-Black				White-Pardo	White-Black	Pardo-Black
	Pardo	Black	White	Difference	Difference	Difference	Pardo	Black	White	Difference	Difference	Difference
Panel A: Educational Outcomes
Completed primary schooling	0.215	0.132	0.422	0.207^**	0.290^**	0.083^**	0.732	0.774	0.878	0.146^**	0.104^**	−0.014
Transitioned to secondary schooling	0.574	0.492	0.661	0.087^**	0.169^**	0.082^*	0.769	0.778	0.873	0.104^*	0.095^*	−0.015
Child’s education (years)	4.520	4.150	6.195	1.675^**	2.045^**	0.360^*	7.963	8.126	9.160	1.197^**	1.034^**	−0.164^†
Panel B: Family Covariates
Mother’s education	1.981	1.540	3.401	1.420^**	1.861^**	0.441^*	5.948	6.284	8.242	2.294^**	1.958^**	−0.336^**
Father’s education	2.021	1.720	3.698	1.677^**	1.978^**	0.301^**	5.582	6.176	7.815	2.233	1.639	−0.594^**
Family income	1,468	1,268	2,406	938^**	1,138^**	200^*	1,278	1,266	2,452	1,174	1,186	12

Source: PNADs 1982 and 2007.

Children of the head of the family.

^†

p < 10

p < .05

^**

p < .01