. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2012 May;11(3):222–235. doi: 10.2174/187152712800672490

Table 1.

List of Pharmacologic Agents to Modulate Catecholamine Signaling

Adrenergic Signaling Down ⇓		Adrenergic Signaling UP ⇑
Compound Type	Examples	Compound Type	Examples
COMT Activator	(None yet)	COMT Inhibitors	Nitecapone OR 486
Catecholamine Signaling Decreasing Agents or Drugs	Guanethidine Reserpine 6-OHDA *Clonidine	Catecholamine Signaling Increasing Agents or Drugs	Epinephrine Norepinephrine
Adrenergic *Antagonists*		Adrenergic *Agonists* (effects similar to epinephrine)
α₁	Prazosin Terazosin	α₁	Phenylephrine Methoxamine
α₂	Atipamezole Yohimbine	α₂	Clonidine ST-91
α_2A	BRL44408	β	Bambuterol
Non-selective α-adrenergic antagonist	Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine	β _{1 and 2}	Isoprenaline
β₁	metoprolol	β₂	Clenbuterol Fenoterol Formoterol Metaproterenol Procaterol Salbutamol Terbutaline
β₂	ICI 118,551 Butoxamine	β₃	SR 592308
Non-selective β-blocker	Pindolol Propranalol

Legend: Clonidine decreases peripheral NE release [170].