Table 2.
Hazards ratios for diabetes according to obesity and insulin levels, considering possible mediators and confounders
| |
Main exposure |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Overweight a |
Obesity b |
Waist circumference 4thquartile c |
Insulin 4thquartile d |
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |
| Model 1 |
2.07 (1.45–2.95) |
6.43 (4.48–9.21) |
8.30 (5.60–12.28) |
10.71 (6.20–18.51) |
| Model 2 |
1.72 (1.20–2.48) |
4.69 (3.23–6.81) |
6.27 (4.18–9.40) |
6.90 (3.87–12.32) |
| Model 3 |
1.45 (1.00–2.11) |
3.18 (2.14–4.73) |
4.23 (2.76–6.49) |
4.44 (2.45–8.04) |
| Model 4 |
1.46 (0.98–2.17) |
3.21 (2.01–5.14) |
5.08 (2.97–8.71) |
4.56 (2.38–8.73) |
| Model 5 | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) | 2.26 (1.37–3.73) | 3.19 (1.58–6.45) | 3.42 (1.75–6.71) |
Model 1: Adjusted for age, study center, ethnicity, gender, and family history of diabetes.
Model 2: Model 1 + adiponectin.
Model 3: Model 2 + inflammation score, C3; oxidized LDL, ICAM-1.
Model 4: Model 3 + leptin (gender-specific quartiles).
Model 5: Model 4 + hypertension, non-esterified fatty acids, ln-triglycerides, ln-triglycerides2, HDL-cholesterol, BMI, BMI2, waist-to-hip ratio, ln-insulin (those not already in the model).
a Hazards ratio of overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) versus BMI < 25 kg/m2.
b Hazards ratio of obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) versus BMI < 25 kg/m2.
c 4th vs. 1st quartile. In men: waist circumference >102 cm vs. <91 cm; in women: waist circumference >101 cm vs. <84 cm.
d 4th vs. 1st quartile: >13 μu/mL vs. < 5 μu/mL.