Table 2.

Binary to Codon translation table

(a)
a	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Stp	Tyr
$\left|{\mathcal{S}}_a\right|$	4	2	2	2	2	4	2	3	2	6	1	4	2	2	6	6	4	4	1	3	2
	GCA	TGC	GAC	GAA	TTC	GGA	CAC	ATA	AAA	CTA	ATG	AAC	CCA	CAA	AGA	AGC	ACA	GTA	TGG	TAA	TAC
	GCC	TGT	GAT	GAG	TTT	GGC	CAT	ATC	AAG	CTC		AAT	CCC	CAG	AGG	AGT	ACC	GTC		TAG	TAT
${\mathcal{S}}_a$	GCG					GGG		ATT		CTG		CCG			CGA	TCA	ACG	GTG		TGA
	GCT					GGT				CTT		CCT			CGC	TCC	ACT	GTT
										TTA					CGG	TCG
										TTG					CGT	TCT
											↑ Decode
									Encode ↓
	(b)
	00	0	0	0	0	00	0	0	0	00	-	00	0	0	00	00	00	00	-	0	0
	01	1	1	1	1	01	1	10	1	01		01	1	1	01	01	01	01		10	1
${\mathcal{ℳ}}_a$	10					10		11		100		10			100	100	10	10		11
	11					11				101		11			101	101	11	11
										110					110	110
										111					111	111

(a) Codon to amino acid translation table (genetic code). Underlined are codons which double as start codons. (b) Available binary strings for message encoding. There is a one to one mapping of each binary string in ${\mathcal{ℳ}}_a$ to a codon in ${\mathcal{S}}_a$, given by the table entries in the same positions.